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put forward as an excuse

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1 Put

v. trans.

P. and V. τιθέναι.

Setup: P. and V. καθίζειν.

Appoint: P. and V. καθιστάναι, τάσσειν, προστάσσειν.

Be put: P. and V. κεῖσθαι.

Put ( a question): P. and V. προτιθέναι.

Put around: P. and V. περιβάλλειν, Ar. and P περιτιθέναι, V. ἀμφιβάλλειν, Ar. and V. ἀμφιτιθέναι.

Put aside: see put off, put away.

Put aside a garment: Ar. κατατίθεσθαι.

met., put aside a feeling: P. and V. ἀφιέναι, μεθιέναι, V. παριέναι.

Put away: Ar. and P. ἀποτίθεσθαι.

Set aside as reserve: P. χωρὶς τίθεσθαι. Ar. and P. ἀποτίθεσθαι.

Divorce: P. ἐκπέμπειν, ἐκβάλλειν.

Put away ( in eating): Ar. ἀποτίθεσθαι (Eq. 1219).

met., dismiss a feeling: P. and V. ἀφιέναι. μεθιέναι, V. παριέναι.

Put before: P. and V. προτιθέναι; see lay before.

Put by: see put aside.

Put by one: P. and V. παρατίθεσθαι (Eur., Cycl. 390).

Put down, lit.: P. and V. κατατιθέναι (Eur., Cycl. 547).

As payment on deposit: Ar. and P. κατατιθέναι.

Put down to anyone's account: P. and V. ἀναφέρειν (τι εἰς τινά); see Impute.

I volunlarily gave the sums spent and did not put them down ( to the states account): P. τἀνηλωμένα ἐπέδωκα καὶ οὐκ ἐλογιζόμην (Dem. 264).

Put an end to: P. and V. καθαιρεῖν, παύειν, λύειν, Ar. and P. καταπαύειν, καταλύειν.

Help to put down: P. συγκαταλύειν (acc.)

Subdue: P. and V. καταστρέφεσθαι, κατεργάζεσθαι.

Put forth, germinate: P. and V. φύειν; see Yield.

Exert: P. and V. χρῆσθαι (dat.); see Show.

Put out to sea: see put out.

Put forward as spokesman: P. προτάσσειν.

Put forward for election: P. προβάλλειν (Dem. 276).

Introduce: P. and V. ἐπάγειν, εἰσάγειν, εἰσφέρειν, προσφέρειν, προτιθέναι.

Put forward as an excuse: P. and V. προβάλλειν (mid. also P.), προὔχεσθαι, προΐστασθαι (Eur., Cycl. 319), V. προτείνειν.

Put in: P. and V. εἰστιθέναι, ἐντιθέναι, ἐμβάλλειν.

Put in, introduce ( evidence): P. ἐμβάλλειν.

Put in the witness box: P. ἀναβιβάζειν (τινά).

V. intrans. In nautical sense: P. and V. κατάγεσθαι, P. σχεῖν ( 2nd aor. of ἔχειν), καταίρειν, προσβάλλειν.

Put in at: P. σχεῖν (dat. or πρός, acc.) ( 2nd aor. of ἔχειν), προσβάλλειν (dat. or πρός, acc. or εἰς, acc.), ναῦν κατάγειν (εἰς, acc.), προσίσχειν (dat.), προσμίσγειν (dat.), καταίρειν (εἰς, acc.), κατίσχειν (εἰς, acc.), P. and V. προσσχεῖν ( 2nd aor. προσέχειν) (dat. or εἰς acc., V. also acc., alone), κατάγεσθαι (εἰς, acc., V. acc. alone), V. κέλλειν (εἰς, acc., πρός, acc., ἐπί, acc., or acc. alone); see touch at.

Whose puts in at this land: V. ὃς ἂν κατέλθῃ τήνδε γῆν (Eur., I.T. 39).

Putting in at Malea: V. Μαλέᾳ προσίσχων πρῷραν (Eur., Or. 362).

Put in mind: see Remind.

Put in practice: P. and V. χρῆσθαι (dat.).

Put off ( clothes): P. and V. ἐκδύεσθαι, Ar. and P. ἀποδύεσθαι.

Postpone: P. and V. ἀναβάλλεσθαι (Eur., Alc. 526), εἰς αὖθις ἀποτίθεσθαι.

If a man sins against you in any way you put off till another time your anger against him: κἂν ὁτιοῦν τις εἰς ὑμᾶς ἐξαμάρτῃ τούτῳ τὴν ὀργὴν εἰς τἆλλα ἔχετε (Dem. 259).

Put out to sea: see put out.

Evade: P. ἐκκρούειν, διακρούεσθαι; see Evade.

They put you off by saying he is not making war on the city: P. ἀναβάλλουσιν ὑμᾶς λέγοντες ὡς ἐκεῖνός γε οὐ πολεμεῖ τῇ πόλει (Dem. 114).

I put them off, speaking them fair in word: V. ἐγὼ δὲ διαφέρω λόγοισι μυθεύουσα (Eur., H.F. 76).

Put on: P. and V. ἐπιτιθέναι, προστιθέναι.

Put on (clothes, etc.): P. and V. ἐνδύειν, περιβάλλειν, Ar. and P. ἀμφιεννύναι, V. ἀμφιβάλλειν, ἀμφιδύεσθαι, Ar. and V. ἀμφιτιθέναι, ἀμπίσχειν.

Feign: Ar. and P. προσποιεῖσθαι.

Put on, adj.: P. προσποιητός.

Sham: P. and V. πλαστός (Xen.), V. ποιητός.

Put out, cast out: P. and V. ἐκβάλλειν.

Stretch out: P. and V. ἐκτείνειν, προτείνειν.

Extinguish: P. and V. σβεννύναι (Thuc. 2, 77), ἀποσβεννύναι, κατασβεννύναι; see Quench.

Put out ( the eyes): V. ἐκτρίβειν (Eur., Cycl. 475); see Blind.

Put out ( at interest or on cuntract): P. ἐκδιδόναι.

Put out of the way: P. and V. ὑπεξαιρεῖν, ἀφανίζειν, P. ἐκποδὼν ποιεῖσθαι.

Annoy: P. and V. ὄχλον παρέχειν (dat.), Ar. and P. πράγματα παρέχειν (dat.), ἐνοχλεῖν (acc. or dat.), V. ὀχλεῖν.

Disconcert: P. and V. ταράσσειν, ἐκπλήσσειν.

Put out to sea: P. and V. ἀπαίρειν, ἀνάγεσθαι, ἐξανάγεσθαι, P. ἐπανάγεσθαι, ἀναγωγὴν ποιεῖσθαι, ἀναπλεῖν, αἴρειν.

Put out ( against an enemy): P. ἀντανάγεσθαι (absol.), ἀντανάγειν (absol.).

Put out in advance: P. προανάγεσθαι.

Put out secretly: P. ὑπεξανάγεσθαι.

Put out with others: P. συνανάγεσθαι (absol.).

Put over, set in command: P. and V. ἐφιστάναι (τινά τινι).

Put round: see put around.

Put to: see Shut.

Though hard put to it, he got round unobserved: P. χαλεπῶς τε καὶ μόλις περιελθὼν ἔλαθε (Thuc. 4, 36).

Put to sea: see put out.

Put together: P. and V. συντιθέναι.

Put under: P. and V. ὑποβάλλειν (τί τινι) (Xen.).

Put up ( to auction): P. ἀποκηρύσσειν.

Put up ( a person to speak): P. ἐνιέναι (ἐνίημι) (Thuc. 6, 29).

Put forward: P. προτάσσειν.

Put a person up to a thing: use encourage, suggest.

Put up ( for the night): Ar. and P. καταλύειν.

Put up (a house, etc.): P. καταλύειν (εἰς, acc.); see Lodge.

Put up with: P. and V. φέρειν, ἀνέχεσθαι, ὑπέχειν, ὑφίστασθαι; see Endure.

Acquiesce in: P. and V. στέργειν (acc. or dat.), P. ἀγαπᾶν (acc. or dat.), V. αἰνεῖν (acc.).

Put upon: see put on.

met., oppress: P. and V. ἀδικεῖν, κακοῦν.

Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Put
2 put

put

A n Fin = put option.

B vtr ( p prés - tt- ; prét, pp put)

1 ( place) mettre [object] ; put them here please mettez-les ici s'il vous plaît ; to put sth on/under/around etc mettre qch sur/sous/autour de etc ; to put a stamp on a letter mettre un timbre sur une lettre ; to put a lock on the door/a button on a shirt mettre une serrure sur la porte/un bouton sur une chemise ; to put one's arm around sb mettre son bras autour de qn ; to put one's hands in one's pockets mettre les mains dans ses poches ; to put sth in a safe place mettre qch en lieu sûr ; to put sugar in one's tea mettre du sucre dans son thé ; to put more sugar in one's tea ajouter du sucre dans son thé ; to put more soap in the bathroom remettre du savon dans la salle de bains ;

2 ( cause to go or undergo) to put sth through glisser qch dans [letterbox] ; passer qch par [window] ; faire passer qch à [mincer] ; to put one's head through the window passer la tête par la fenêtre ; to put one's fist through the window casser la fenêtre d'un coup de poing ; to put sth through the books Accts faire passer qch dans les frais généraux ; to put sth through a test faire passer un test à qch ; to put sth through a process faire suivre un processus à qch ; to put sb through envoyer qn à [university, college] ; faire passer qn par [suffering, ordeal] ; faire passer [qch] à qn [test] ; faire suivre [qch] à qn [course] ; after all you've put me through après tout ce que tu m'as fait subir ; to put sb through hell faire souffrir mille morts à qn ; to put one's hand/finger to porter la main/le doigt à [mouth] ;

3 ( cause to be or do) mettre [person] ; to put sb in prison/on a diet mettre qn en prison/au régime ; to put sb on the train mettre qn dans le train ; to put sb in goal/in defence GB mettre qn dans les buts/en défense ; to put sb in a bad mood/in an awkward position mettre qn de mauvaise humeur/dans une situation délicate ; to put sb to work mettre qn au travail ; to put sb to mending/washing sth faire réparer/laver qch à qn ;

4 (devote, invest) to put money/energy into sth investir de l'argent/son énergie dans qch ; if you put some effort into your work, you will improve si tu fais des efforts, ton travail sera meilleur ; to put a lot into s'engager à fond pour [work, project] ; sacrifier beaucoup à [marriage] ; to put a lot of effort into sth faire beaucoup d'efforts pour qch ; she puts a lot of herself into her novels il y a beaucoup d'éléments autobiographiques dans ses romans ;

5 ( add) to put sth towards mettre qch pour [holiday, gift, fund] ; put it towards some new clothes dépense-le en nouveaux vêtements ; to put tax/duty on sth taxer/imposer qch ; to put a penny on income tax GB augmenter d'un pourcent l'impôt sur le revenu ;

6 ( express) how would you put that in French? comment dirait-on ça en français? ; how can I put it? comment dirai-je? ; it was-how can I put it-unusual c'était-comment dire-original ; that's one way of putting it! iron on peut le dire comme ça! ; as Sartre puts it comme le dit Sartre ; to put it simply pour le dire simplement ; to put it bluntly pour parler franchement ; let me put it another way laissez-moi m'exprimer différemment ; that was very well ou nicely put c'était très bien tourné ; to put one's feelings/one's anger into words trouver les mots pour exprimer ses sentiments/sa colère ; to put sth in writing mettre qch par écrit ;

7 ( offer for consideration) présenter [argument, point of view, proposal] ; to put sth to soumettre qch à [meeting, conference, board] ; to put sth to the vote mettre qch au vote ; I put it to you that Jur j'ai la présomption que ;

8 (rate, rank) placer ; where would you put it on a scale of one to ten? où est-ce que tu placerais cela sur une échelle allant de un à dix? ; to put sb in the top rank of artists placer qn au premier rang des artistes ; I put a sense of humour before good looks je place le sens de l'humour avant la beauté ; I put a sense of humour first pour moi le plus important c'est le sens de l'humour ; to put children/safety first faire passer les enfants/la sécurité avant tout ; to put one's family before everything faire passer sa famille avant tout ;

9 ( estimate) to put sth at évaluer qch à [sum] ; to put the value of sth at estimer la valeur de qch à [sum] ; I'd put him at about 40 je lui donnerais à peu près 40 ans ;

10 Sport lancer [shot] ;

11 Agric ( for mating) to put a heifer/mare to amener une génisse/jument à [male].

C v refl ( p prés - tt- ; prét, pp put) to put oneself in a strong position/in sb's place se mettre dans une position de force/à la place de qn.

Idioms

I didn't know where to put myself je ne savais pas où me mettre ; I wouldn't put it past him! je ne pense pas que ça le gênerait! (to do de faire) ; I wouldn't put anything past her! je la crois capable de tout! ; put it there ○ ! ( invitation to shake hands) tope là! ; to put it about a bit ◑ péj coucher à droite et à gauche ◑ ; to put one over ou across GB on sb ○ faire marcher qn ○.

Phrasal verbs

■ put about:

▶ put about Naut virer de bord ;

▶ put [sth] about, put about [sth]

1 ( spread) faire circuler [rumour, gossip, story] ; to put (it) about that faire courir le bruit que ; it is being put about that le bruit court que ;

2 Naut faire virer de bord [vessel].

■ put across:

▶ put across [sth], put [sth] across communiquer [idea, message, concept, case, point of view] ; mettre [qch] en valeur [personality] ; to put oneself across se mettre en valeur.

■ put aside:

▶ put aside [sth], put [sth] aside mettre [qch] de côté [money, article, differences, divisions, mistrust].

■ put away:

▶ put away [sth], put [sth] away

1 ( tidy away) ranger [toys, dishes] ;

2 ( save) mettre [qch] de côté [money] ;

3 ○ ( consume) avaler [food] ; descendre ○ [drink] ;

▶ put away [sb] ○, put [sb] away ○

1 ( in mental hospital) enfermer ; he had to be put away il a fallu l'enfermer ;

2 ( in prison) boucler ○ [person] (for pour).

■ put back:

▶ put back [sth], put [sth] back

1 (return, restore) remettre [object] ; to put sth back where it belongs remettre qch à sa place ;

2 ( postpone) remettre, repousser [meeting, departure] (to à ; until jusqu'à) ; repousser [date] ;

3 retarder [clock, watch] ; remember to put your clocks back an hour n'oubliez pas de retarder votre pendule d'une heure ;

4 ( delay) retarder [project, production, deliveries] (by de) ;

5 ○ ( knock back) descendre ○ [drink, quantity].

■ put by GB:

▶ put [sth] by, put by [sth] mettre [qch] de côté [money] ; to have a bit (of money) put by avoir un peu d'argent de côté.

■ put down:

▶ put down ( land) [aircraft] atterrir (on sur) ;

▶ put [sth] down, put down [sth]

1 (on ground, table) poser [object, plane] (on sur) ; mettre [rat poison etc] ;

2 ( suppress) réprimer [uprising, revolt, opposition] ;

3 ( write down) mettre (par écrit) [date, time, name] ; put down whatever you like mets ce que tu veux ;

4 ( ascribe) to put sth down to mettre qch sur le compte de [incompetence, human error etc] ; to put sth down to the fact that imputer qch au fait que ;

5 ( charge) to put sth down to mettre qch sur [account] ;

6 Vet ( by injection) piquer ; ( by other method) abattre ; to have a dog put down faire piquer un chien ;

7 (advance, deposit) to put down a deposit verser des arrhes ; to put £50 down on sth verser 50 livres d'arrhes sur qch ;

8 (lay down, store) mettre [qch] en cave [wine] ; affiner [cheese] ;

9 ( put on agenda) inscrire [qch] à l'ordre du jour [motion] ;

▶ put [sb] down, put down [sb]

1 ( drop off) déposer [passenger] ; to put sb down on the corner déposer qn au coin de la rue ;

2 ○ ( humiliate) rabaisser [person] ;

3 gen Sch ( into lower group) faire descendre [pupil, team] (from de ; to, into à) ;

4 (classify, count in) to put sb down as considérer qn comme [possibility, candidate, fool] ; I'd never have put you down as a Scotsman! je ne t'aurais jamais pris pour un Écossais! ; to put sb down for ( note as wanting or offering) compter [qch] pour qn [contribution] ; ( put on waiting list) inscrire qn sur la liste d'attente pour [school, club] ; put me down for a meal compte un repas pour moi ; to put sb down for £10 compter 10 livres pour qn ; to put sb down for three tickets réserver trois billets pour qn.

■ put forth littér:

▶ put forth [sth], put [sth] forth

1 présenter [shoots, leaves, buds] ;

2 fig émettre [idea, theory].

■ put forward:

▶ put forward [sth], put [sth] forward

1 ( propose) avancer [idea, theory, name] ; soumettre [plan, proposal, suggestion] ; émettre [opinion] ;

2 ( in time) avancer [meeting, date, clock] (by de ; to à) ; don't forget to put your clocks forward one hour n'oubliez pas d'avancer votre pendule d'une heure ;

▶ put [sb] forward, put forward [sb] présenter la candidature de (for pour) ;

▶ put sb forward as présenter qn comme [candidate] ; to put oneself forward présenter sa candidature, se présenter ; to put oneself forward as a candidate présenter sa candidature ; to put oneself forward for se présenter pour [post].

■ put in:

▶ put in

1 [ship] faire escale (at à ; to dans ; for pour) ;

2 ( apply) to put in for [person] postuler pour [job, promotion, rise] ; demander [transfer, overtime] ;

▶ put in [sth], put [sth] in

1 (fit, install) installer [central heating, shower, kitchen] ; to have sth put in faire installer qch ;

2 ( make) faire [request, claim, offer, bid] ; to put in an application for déposer une demande de [visa, passport] ; poser sa candidature pour [job] ; to put in a protest protester ; to put in an appearance faire une apparition ;

3 ( contribute) passer [time, hours, days] ; contribuer pour [sum, amount] ; they are each putting in £1 m chacun apporte une contribution d'un million de livres ; to put in a lot of time doing consacrer beaucoup de temps à faire ; to put in a good day's work avoir une bonne journée de travail ; to put in a lot of work se donner beaucoup de mal ; thank you for all the work you've put in merci pour tout le mal que tu t'es donné ;

4 ( insert) mettre [paragraph, word, reference] ; to put in that mettre que ; to put in how/why expliquer comment/pourquoi ;

5 ( elect) élire ; that puts the Conservatives in again les conservateurs ont donc été élus encore une fois ;

▶ put [sb] in for présenter [qn] pour [exam, scholarship] ; poser la candidature de [qn] pour [promotion, job] ; recommander [qn] pour [prize, award] ; to put oneself in for poser sa candidature pour [job, promotion].

■ put off:

▶ put off Naut partir ;

▶ put off from s'éloigner de [quay, jetty] ;

▶ put off [sth], put [sth] off

1 (delay, defer) remettre [qch] (à plus tard) [wedding, meeting] ; to put sth off until June/until after Christmas remettre qch à juin/à après Noël ; I should see a doctor, but I keep putting it off je devrais voir un médecin, mais je remets toujours ça à plus tard ; to put off visiting sb/doing one's homework remettre à plus tard une visite chez qn/ses devoirs ;

2 ( turn off) éteindre [light, radio] ; couper [radiator, heating] ;

▶ put off [sb], put [sb] off

1 (fob off, postpone seeing) décommander [guest] ; dissuader [person] ; to put sb off coming with an excuse trouver une excuse pour dissuader qn de venir ; to be easily put off se décourager facilement ;

2 ( repel) [appearance, smell, colour] dégoûter ; [manner, person] déconcerter ; to put sb off sth dégoûter qn de qch ; don't be put off by the colour-it tastes delicious! ne te laisse pas dégoûter par la couleur-c'est délicieux! ;

3 GB ( distract) distraire ; stop trying to put me off! arrête de me distraire! ; you're putting me off my work tu me distrais de mon travail ;

4 ( drop off) déposer [passenger].

■ put on:

▶ put on [sth], put [sth] on

1 mettre [garment, hat, cream, lipstick] ;

2 (switch on, operate) allumer [light, gas, radio, heating] ; mettre [record, tape, music] ; to put the kettle on mettre de l'eau à chauffer ; to put the brakes on freiner ;

3 ( gain) prendre [weight, kilo] ;

4 ( add) rajouter [extra duty, tax] ;

5 ( produce) monter [play, exhibition] ;

6 (assume, adopt) prendre [air, accent, look, expression] ; he's putting it on il fait semblant ;

7 (lay on, offer) ajouter [extra train, bus service] ; proposer [meal, dish] ;

8 ( put forward) avancer [clock] ;

9 Turf ( bet) parier [amount] ; to put a bet on faire un pari ;

▶ put [sb] on

1 Telecom ( connect) passer ; I'll put him on je vous le passe ;

2 ○ US faire marcher ○ [person] ;

3 ( recommend) to put sb on to sth indiquer qch à qn ; who put you on to me? qui vous a envoyé à moi? ;

4 ( put on track of) to put sb on to mettre qn sur la piste de [killer, criminal, runaway].

■ put out:

▶ put out

1 Naut partir (from de) ; to put out to sea mettre à la mer ;

2 ◑ US péj coucher avec n'importe qui ○ ;

▶ put out [sth], put [sth] out

1 ( extend) tendre [hand, arm, foot, leg] ; to put out one's tongue tirer la langue ;

2 ( extinguish) éteindre [fire, cigarette, candle, light] ;

3 ( take outside) sortir [bin, garbage] ; faire sortir [cat] ;

4 ( issue) diffuser [description, report, warning] ; faire [statement] ; propager [rumour] ;

5 (make available, arrange) mettre [food, dishes, towels etc] ;

6 ( sprout) déployer [shoot, bud, root] ;

7 ( cause to be wrong) fausser [figure, estimate, result] ;

8 ( dislocate) se démettre [shoulder, ankle] ;

9 ( subcontract) confier [qch] en sous-traitance [work] (to à) ;

▶ put [sb] out

1 ( inconvenience) déranger ; to put oneself out se mettre en quatre ○ (to do pour faire) ; to put oneself out for sb se donner beaucoup de mal pour qn ; don't put yourself out for us ne vous dérangez pas pour nous ;

2 ( annoy) contrarier ; he looked really put out il avait l'air vraiment contrarié ;

3 ( evict) expulser.

■ put over = put across.

■ put through:

▶ put [sth] through, put through [sth]

1 ( implement) faire passer [reform, bill, amendment, plan, measure] ;

2 Telecom ( transfer) passer [call] (to à) ; she put through a call from my husband elle m'a passé mon mari ○ ;

▶ put [sb] through Telecom passer [caller] (to à) ; I'm just putting you through je vous le/la passe ; I was put through to another department on m'a passé un autre service.

■ put together:

▶ put [sb/sth] together, put together [sb/sth]

1 ( assemble) assembler [pieces, parts] ; to put sth together again, to put sth back together reconstituer qch ; more/smarter than all the rest put together plus/plus intelligent que tous les autres réunis ;

2 ( place together) mettre ensemble [animals, objects, people] ;

3 ( form) former [coalition, partnership, group, team, consortium] ;

4 (edit, make) constituer [file, portfolio, anthology] ; rédiger [newsletter, leaflet] ; établir [list] ; faire [film, programme, video] ;

5 ( concoct) improviser [meal] ;

6 ( present) constituer [case] ; construire [argument, essay].

■ put up:

▶ put up

1 ( stay) to put up at sb's se faire héberger par qn ; to put up in a hotel descendre à l'hôtel ;

2 to put up with ( tolerate) supporter [behaviour, person] ; to have a lot to put up with avoir beaucoup de choses à supporter ;

▶ put up [sth] opposer [resistance] ; to put up a fight/struggle combattre ; to put up a good performance [team, competitor] bien se défendre ;

▶ put [sth] up, put up [sth]

1 ( raise) hisser [flag, sail] ; relever [hair] ; to put up one's hand/leg lever la main/la jambe ; put your hands up! ( in class) levez le doigt! ; put 'em up ○ ! ( to fight) bats-toi! ; ( to surrender) haut les mains! ;

2 ( post up) mettre [sign, poster, notice, plaque, decorations] ; afficher [list] ; to put sth up on the wall/on the board afficher qch sur le mur/au tableau ;

3 (build, erect) dresser [fence, barrier, tent] ; construire [building, memorial] ;

4 (increase, raise) augmenter [rent, prices, tax] ; faire monter [temperature, pressure] ;

5 ( provide) fournir [money, amount, percentage] (for pour ; to do pour faire) ;

6 ( present) soumettre [proposal, argument] ; to put sth up for discussion soumettre qch à la discussion ;

7 ( put in orbit) placer [qch] en orbite [satellite, probe] ;

▶ put [sb] up, put up [sb]

1 ( lodge) héberger ;

2 ( as candidate) présenter [candidate] ; to put sb up for proposer qn comme [leader, chairman] ; proposer qn pour [promotion, position] ; to put oneself up for se proposer comme [chairman] ; se proposer pour [post] ;

3 ( promote) faire passer [qn] au niveau supérieur [pupil] ; to be put up [pupil, team] monter (to dans) ;

4 ( incite) to put sb up to sth/to doing pousser [qn] à/à faire ; somebody must have put her up to it quelqu'un a dû l'y pousser.

■ put upon:

▶ put upon [sb] abuser de [person] ; to be put upon se faire marcher sur les pieds ; to feel put upon avoir l'impression de se faire marcher sur les pieds ; I won't be put upon any more je ne me ferai plus jamais avoir ○.

Big English-French dictionary > put
3 alléguer

alléguer [a(l)lege]

➭ TABLE 6 transitive verb

[+ fait, raison] to put forward

• il allégua comme prétexte qu'il pleuvait he put forward as a pretext that it was raining

* * *
alege
verbe transitif ( invoquer) to invoke; ( prétexter) to allege

* * *
a(l)leɡe vt
(pour excuser) to put forward as an excuse, (pour prouver) to put forward as proof

* * *

alléguer verb table: céder vtr

1 ( invoquer) to invoke [exemple, précédent];

2 ( prétexter) to allege, to claim.

[alege] verbe transitif

1. [prétexter] to argue

alléguer comme excuse/prétexte que to put forward as an excuse/a pretext that

alléguant du fait que arguing that

2. (soutenu) [citer] to cite, to quote

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > alléguer
4 προΐστημι

προΐστημι, [tense] fut. - στήσω: [tense] aor. 1 προὔστησα, part. προστήσας, inf. προστῆσαι.

A Causal in these tenses, as also in [tense] pres. and [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Med., set before, once in Hom., προστήσας [σε] πρὸ Ἀχαιῶν Τρωσὶ μάχεσθαι Il.4.156
: c. gen., π. τὸ σῶμα τοῦ σκοποῦ put his body in the way, Antipho 3.2.4 (dub. l.), cf. Plb.1.33.7.

2 set over, ὃν ἡ πόλις ἀξιοῖ αὑτῆς προϊστάναι, v.l. for -εστάναι, Pl.La. 197d.

3 exhibit publicly, prostitute, π. ἐπ' οἰκημάτων D.Chr.7.133
.

II [voice] Med., mostly [tense] aor. 1, put another before oneself, choose as one's leader, Hdt.1.123, 4.80: c. gen.,
προΐστασθαι τουτονὶ ἑαυτοῦ
take as one's guardian, Pl.R. 565c
, cf. 442a (cj.), 599a, D.59.37; σφῶν αὐτῶν προὐστήσαντο τιμωρὸν γενέσθαι Κηφίσιον And.1.139
; στρατηγόν τινα τοῦ πολέμου π. D.Prooem. 21
.

2 put before one, put in front, σκίπωνα προστήσασθαι Hdt.4.172
; τὰ ἅρματα X.HG4.1.18
; τὴν χεῖρα, so as to shade the eyes, Arist.Pr. 960a21.

3 metaph., put forward as an excuse or pretence, use as a screen, τί τάδε προὐστήσω λόγῳ; E.Cyc. 319
; τὰ τῶν Ἀμφικτυόνωνδόγματα προστήσασθαι D.5.19
, etc.: c. gen., [τὴν ἀτυχίαν] τῆς κακουργίας προϊστάμενος Antipho 2.3.1
; τοῦ ἀγῶνος τὴν πρὸς ἔμ' ἔχθραν προΐσταται D.18.15
.

4 προστησώμεθα Τύρταιον put him forward, cite him as an authority, Pl.Lg. 629a.

5 prefer, value above, ὦτα τοῦ νοῦ προστησάμενοι Id.R. 531b
.

6 establish a thing before another, τοὺς ἀριθμοὺς τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτῶν (sc. τῶν ὄντων) Plot.6.6.15, cf. Procl.Inst. 133.

7 manifest, ib. 195, al.

B [voice] Pass., with [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Act. προὔστην: [tense] pf. προέστηκα, [ per.] 2pl. προέστατε Hdt.5.49
; inf. προεστάναι, part. προεστώς (v. infr.): [tense] fut. [tense] pf. προεστήξομαι, v. infr. 11.2:—[tense] aor. [voice] Pass. προεστάθην, v. infr.11.3:—come forward, v.l. for προς- in D.60.15.

2 c.acc., approach as a suppliant, ἥ σε.. λιπαρεῖ προὔστην χερί S.El. 1378
; προστῆναι μέσην τράπεζαν dub. in Id.Fr.660.1 (fort. προσβῆναι):—in Hdt.1.86, προσστῆναι is restored.

3 c. dat., stand so as to face another, σοὶ γὰρ αἴας πολέμιος προὔστη ποτέ S.Aj. 1133
:—in Hdt.1.129, προσστάς is restored.

4 stand in public, be a prostitute, Aeschin.Ep.7.3, Vett. Val.16.7.

II c. gen., to be set over, be at the head of, τῆς Ἑλλάδος Hdt.1.69
, 5.49; τῶν Ἀρκάδων τοὺς προεστεῶτας Id.6.74
; esp. to be chief or leader of a party, τῶν παράλων, τῶν ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου, Id.1.59; τοῦ δήμου Id.3.82
, Th.3.70, Lys. 13.7; ἡμῶν Ar.V. 419
; τῆς πόλεως Th.2.65
; π. αὐτῶν to be their ringleader, X.An.6.2.9; π. χοροῦ, στρατεύματος, Id.Mem.3.4.3; π. τῶν πολιτειῶν head the respective parties in the state, Lys.25.9, etc.: abs., οἱ προεστῶτες, [dialect] Ion. -εῶτες, the leading men, τῶν σκυθέων Hdt.4.79
, cf. Th.3.11, etc.; οἱ προεστηκότες ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι X.HG 3.5.1
; οἱ ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι προστάντες Th.3.82
; τῷ προεστῶτι καὶ ἄρχοντι Pl.R. 428e
.

2 in various relations, govern, direct, οὐκ ὀρθῶς σεωυτοῦ προέστηκας you do not manage yourself well, Hdt.2.173; π. τῆς μεταβολῆς Th.8.75
; τοῦ ἱεροῦ X.HG3.2.31
; τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ βίου Id.Mem.3.2.2
; τοῦ πράγματος D.30.18
; προεστήξομαι τῆς χωνεύσεως PCair.Zen.481.9
(iii B. C.); ἐργασίας, τέχνης, Plu.Per.24, Ath.13.612a; π. ἐνδόξου καὶ καλῆς αἱρέσεως OGI219.3
(Ilium, iii B. C.).

3 stand before so as to guard, οἱ δορυφόροι Μασίστεω προέστησαν Hdt.9.107
, cf. E. Heracl. 306, etc.: hence, support, succour, πρόστητ' ἀναγκαίας τύχης S.Aj. 803
; ὁ προστὰς τῆς εἰρήνης the champion of peace, Aeschin.2.161; πάντων προστᾶσα [ δύναμις] Pl.Ti. 25b; π. τινός to be his protector, GDI1726.6 (Delph., ii B. C.), PFay.13.5 (ii B. C.); τῆς ἐναντίας π. γνώμης Plb.5.5.8
;
τοῖσιν ἐχθροῖς προὐστήτην φόνου
were the authors of.., S.El. 980
; π. [ νόσου] E.Andr. 221: abs., βέλεα.. ἀρωγὰ προσταθέντα S.OT 206
(lyr.).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προΐστημι
5 özür

,-zrü 1. (valid) excuse. 2. handicap (of a person). 3. defect. - dilemek /dan/ to beg (someone´s) pardon, apologize (to), make an apology (to). -ü kabahatinden büyük. colloq. What he put forward as an excuse was even worse than what he was wanting to have pardoned./His excuse just makes matters worse.

Saja Türkçe - İngilizce Sözlük > özür
6 πρόβλημα

πρόβλημα, ατος, τό, ([etym.] προβάλλω)

A anything thrown forward or projecting, πόντου π. ἁλίκλυστον sea-washed promontory, S.Aj. 1219 (lyr.).

2 hindrance, obstacle, Hp.Nat.Mul.67, Mul.1.20, Ael. NA2.13.

II anything put before one as a defence, bulwark, barrier, προβλήματα ἀντ' ἀσπίδων ἐποιεῦντο γεράνων δοράς Hdt.7.70
, cf.4.175; τῶν.. π. τὰ μὲν πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον ὁπλίσματα, τὰ δὲ φράγματα Pl.Plt. 279d
sq., cf. Sph. 261a; σώματος π., of a shield, A.Th. 540; νεῶν προβλήματα, of a wall, E.Rh. 213; χαλκᾶ προβλήματα the brazen armour of horses, X.Cyr.6.1.51.

2 c.gen. objecti, defence against a thing, αἰχμῆς καὶ πέτρων A.Th. 676
; χείματος προβλήματα E.Supp. 208
; π. χειμώνων Pl.Ti. 74b
; π. κακῶν Ar.V. 615
; κρύους π. ποιοῦνται τὴν ἐσθῆτα Plu.2.691d
; but,

3 μηδὲν φόβου π. μηδ' αἰδοῦς ἔχειν to have neither fear nor reverence as a defence, S.Aj. 1076; τὸν ποταμὸν π. λαβεῖν, ποιήσασθαι, Plb.2.66.1, 3.14.5.

III anything put forward as an excuse, π. τοῦ τρόπου D.45.69
; λαβὼν π. σαυτοῦ παῖδα making a screen of him, S.Ph. 1008.

IV task. business, E.El. 985, Gal.11.250.

2 problem in Geometry, etc., Pl.R. 530b, Tht. 180csq., Plu. Marc.14, 19, etc.; φυσικὰ π. Epicur.Ep.2p.36U.
; οἱ κατὰ πρόβλημα λόγοι (opp. τὰ ἐν τῷ βίῳ) theoretical, Phld.Lib.p.59 O.

3 in the Logic of Arist., question as to whether a statement is so or not, Arist. Top. 101b28, cf. 104b1: τὰ π. title of work by Arist., cf. Mete. 363a24, PA 676a18, GA 747b5, cf. προβληματικός; also of the extant work wrongly ascribed to Arist.

4 practical or theoretical problem, εἰς π. παμμέγεθες ἐνέπεσε Plb.28.13.9
; εὕροντο λύσιν τοῦ π. Id.30.19.5
; ἐν προβλήμασιν ἢ κρίνομεν ἢ βουλευόμεθα Hermog.Inv.1.1
.

5 riddle, π. προβάλλειν LXX Jd.14.12
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πρόβλημα
7 vorschieben

(unreg., trennb., hat -ge-)

I v/t push ( oder slide, move) forward; (Lippe etc.) stick out; fig. (als Vorwand benutzen) use s.th. as an excuse; (jemanden) use s.o. as a dummy; fig. Riegel 1

II v/refl move forward; Person: push (one’s way) forward; in der Schlange: Brit. jump the queue, Am. cut in line

* * *

to advance

* * *
vor|schie|ben sep
1. vt

1) (= davorschieben) to push in front; Riegel to put across, to shoot (across); (= nach vorn schieben) to push forward; Kopf to stick forward; Unterlippe, Kinn to stick out

See:

→ Riegel

2) (MIL) Truppen to move forward

vorgeschobener Posten — advance guard, advance party

3) (fig = vorschützen) to put forward as a pretext or excuse

vorgeschobene Gründe — pretexts pl, excuses pl

4)

jdn vórschieben — to put sb forward as a front man

2. vr
(Wolken, Erdmassen) to advance, to move forward; (Menschen) to push or press forward
* * *

(to make to happen at an earlier date; to advance in time: They have brought forward the date of their wedding by one week.) bring forward

* * *

vor|schie·ben

vt irreg

1. (vorschützen)

▪ etw \vorschieben to use sth as an excuse [or a pretext]

das ist doch nur eine Ausrede, die er vorschiebt, um nicht kommen zu müssen that's just an excuse [that] he's using not to come

▪ vorgeschoben used as an excuse [or a pretext]

ich kann diese vorgeschobenen Gründe leider nicht akzeptieren I'm afraid I can't accept these reasons which are just a pretext

2. (für sich agieren lassen)

▪ jdn \vorschieben to use sb as a front man/woman

3. (nach vorn schieben)

▪ etw \vorschieben to push sth forward

4. (vor etw schieben)

▪ etw \vorschieben to push [or slide] sth across

* * *
1.
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb

1) push < bolt> across; s. auch Riegel 1)

2) (nach vorn schieben) push forward
2.
unregelmäßiges reflexives Verb push forward

* * *

vorschieben (irr, trennb, hat -ge-)

A. v/t push ( oder slide, move) forward; (Lippe etc) stick out; fig (als Vorwand benutzen) use sth as an excuse; (jemanden) use sb as a dummy; fig → Riegel 1

B. v/r move forward; Person: push (one’s way) forward; in der Schlange: Br jump the queue, US cut in line

* * *
1.
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb

1) push < bolt> across; s. auch Riegel 1)

2) (nach vorn schieben) push forward
2.
unregelmäßiges reflexives Verb push forward

* * *

v.

to push forward expr.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > vorschieben
8 πρόφασις

πρόφᾰσ-ις, εως, ἡ, ([etym.] προφαίνω)

A motive or cause alleged, whether truly or falsely: then, actual motive or cause, whether alleged or not:

I alleged motive, plea, without implication of truth or falsity, ἐπὶ σμικρῇ π. Thgn.323; νόστου π. γλυκεροῦ κώλυεν μεῖναι Pi. P.4.32
; κατὰ θεωρίης πρόφασιν ἐκπλώσας Hdt.1.29
; π. ἔχων, ὡς.. Id.6.133
; καὶ ἐπὶ μεγάλῃ καὶ ἐπὶ βραχείᾳ π. whether the plea put forward be a trifle or a weighty matter, Th.1.141; τῆς αἰτίας τὴν π. the plea in the case, the basis of the charge, Lys.9.7; τοιαύτας ἔχοντες π. καὶ αἰτίας pleas and motives, Th.3.13; π. ἐπιεικής ib.9; ἀναγκαῖαι Is.4.20
, D.54.17; προφάσεις ἀληθεῖς λέγοντος pleading what was in fact true, And.4.17.

2 falsely alleged motive (or cause), pretext, pretence, excuse, π. ἰδίης ἀβουλίης an excuse for.., Democr.119; οὔτε τιν' ἔχων π. οὔτε λόγον εὐτράπελον Ar.V. 468
(lyr.); καλλίστην εἶναι π., τιμωρεῖσθαι μὲν δοκεῖν, ἔργῳ δὲ χρηματίζεσθαι Lys.12.6
: abs. in acc., πρόφασιν in pretence, ostensibly, στενάχοντο γυναῖκες Πάτροκλον π., σφῶν δ' αὐτῶν κήδε' ἑκάστη Il.19.302
, cf. Hdt.5.33, E.IA 362 (troch.), Ar.Eq. 466, etc.; opp. τὸ ἀληθές, Th.6.33: in dat., προφάσει Id.3.86
; προφάσει τῶν δημοσίων on the pretence that public debts are owing, OGI669.15 (Egypt, i A.D.); προφάσιος [εἵνεκεν], προφάσεως ἕνεκα, Hdt.4.135, Antipho 6.14; προφάσεως χάριν Arist.Pol. 1297a14
; ἐκ μικρᾶς π. Plb.2.17.3; ἐπὶ προφάσιος Hdt.7.150
: folld. by an inf., αὕτη γὰρ ἦν σοι π. ἐκβαλεῖν ἐμέ for casting me out, S.Ph. 1034; οὔτε.. ἔστιν οὐδεμία π. τοῦ μὴ δρᾶν Pl.Ti. 20c
; π. τοῖς δειλοῖς ἔχει μὴ ἰέναι gives them an excuse or plea for not going, Id.R. 469c; οὐδεμία σοι π. ἐστιν ὡς.. X.Cyr.2.2.15
; εὑρὼν π. BGU 1024 vi 21 (iv A.D.).

b phrases, πρόφασιν διδόναι, ἐνδοῦναι, allow, afford an excuse, D.43.53, 18.158; οὐκ ἐνδώσομεν π. οὐδενὶ κακῷ γενέσθαι Th.2.87
; π. μηδεμίαν θέμενος making no excuse, Thgn.364; π. προτεῖναι put forward a pretext, Hdt. 1.156; π. τὴν Παυσανίεω ὕβριν προϊσχόμενοι Id.8.3
; προφάσεις παρέχειν Ar.Av. 581
, cf. D.10.35, 18.156; προφάσιας εἷλκον kept making pretences, Hdt.6.86; πάσας π. ἕλκουσιν Ar.Lys. 726
; π. δέχεσθαι Pl.Cra. 421d
(cf. ἀγών 111.5
); π. εὑρίσκειν τοῦ ἀδικήματος Antipho 5.65
; π. καλῶς εὑρημένη Archipp.36
; ἔχθρας π. ζητήσουσιν Pl.Phdr. 234a
, cf. PCair.Zen.270.9 (iii B.C.); π. τινὰ πρεσβείας πορισάμενοι Pl.Ep. 350a
; π. κατασκευάσαι X.Cyr.2.4.17
; ἔχει προφάσεις it is excusable, ib.3.1.27; πρόφασιν ταύτην τῆς διαφορᾶς ποιούμενος Pl.Ep. 349d
; προφάσεις εὐλόγους εἰλήφεσαν D.18.152
; ἐχόμενος προφάσιος Hdt.6.94
; ἐπιλαβέσθαι Id.3.36
, 6.49; τὰς π. ἀφελεῖν D.2.27
; προφάσεως δεῖσθαι Arist. Rh. 1373a3
: personified, τὰν Ἐπιμαθέος ὀψινόου θυγατέρα Π. Pi.P.5.28.

c elliptically, μή μοι πρόφασιν no excuse, no shuffling, Ar. Ach. 345; μὴ προφάσεις ἐνταῦθά μοι Alex.127.1
.

II the actual motive, purpose, or cause, whether alleged or not, οὔτ' εὐνῆς πρόφασιν κεχρημένος οὔτε τευ ἄλλου Il.19.262
; ἐπ' αὐτομολίας προφάσει ἀπέρχονται Th.7.13
; τὸ ἐκ προφάσεως τῶν.. στρατιωτῶν δηληγατευθὲν μέτρον ἐλαίου for the purpose of.., PLips.64.2, cf. 8 (iv A.D.); τὴν ἀληθεστάτην π., ἀφανεστάτην δὲ λόγῳ Th.1.23
, cf. 6.6, D.18.156, SIG 888.138 (Scaptopara, iii A.D., pl.): esp. as a medical t.t., external exciting cause, ἐκ πάσης π. ἐκτιτ ρώσκουσι they miscarry on any provocation, Hp.Aph.3.12, cf.Epid.3.3, 3.17.ιά, Acut.(Sp.) 6; τοὺς δ' ἄλλους ἀπ' οὐδεμιᾶς π... τῆς κεφαλῆς θέρμαι.. ἐλάμβανε Th.2.49
: pl., Hp. Aër.16, Fract.15, al.: generally, cause, σμικρὰ π. ἔξωθεν Pl.R. 556e
; βραχεῖα π. Hp.Coac. 477; ἀπὸ μηδεμιᾶς π. ἔξωθεν ἀξιολόγου Diocl.Fr. 82
; φανερὴ π. Hp.Aph.2.41, cf. X.HG6.4.33; ἐπεὶ δέ οἱ ἔδεε κακῶς γενέσθαι, ἐγένετο ἀπὸ προφάσιος τὴν ἐγὼ.. ἀπηγήσομαι Hdt.2.161
, cf. 4.145, 7.230; ἄνθρωπός εἰμι, τοῦτο δ' αὐτὸ τῷ βίῳ π. μεγίστην εἰς τὸ λυπεῖσθαι φέρει Diph.106
, cf. Men.230, 811, Philem.194; βραχείας προφάσεως ἔδει μόνον ἐφ' ᾗ.. δεξόμεθα.. it needed but a little to move us to.., E.IA 1180.

2 occasion, θοἰμάτιον δεικνὺς τοδὶ πρόφασιν ἔφασκον, ὦ γύναι, λίαν σπαθᾷς I said à propos,.. I took occasion to say.., Ar.Nu.55; ἐπὶ τῇ ἐμῇ π. à propos of me, Lys.6.19; ἐπὶ τῇ π. τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ ἀρχῆς on the occasion of my accession, PFay.20.11 (iii/iv A.D.).

III persuasion, suggestion, dub.l.in S.Tr. 662 (lyr.).

IV preface, τὰς σημειώσεις ὑπὸ μίαν ἐκθησόμεθα π. Dsc.Ther.3.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πρόφασις
9 arguer

aʀge
1.

verbe transitif

arguer que — to claim that

2.

arguer de verbe transitif indirect ( prétexter)

arguer de — to give [something] as a reason ( pour faire for doing)

arguant du fait que — pointing to the fact that

* * *
aʀɡɥe vi
arguer de — to put forward as a pretext, to put forward as a reason

arguer que — to argue that

* * *

arguer verb table: aimer

A vtr

1 fml (conclure, déduire) to deduce, to infer; arguer qch de qch to deduce ou infer sth from sth;

2 ( prétexter) arguer qch to give sth as a reason (pour faire for doing); arguer que to claim that.

B arguer de vtr ind ( prétexter) to give [sth] as a reason (pour faire for doing); arguant du fait que pointing to the fact that; arguer de faux Jur to assert that an item is forged.

[arg(ɥ)e] verbe transitif

1. [conclure] to deduce

2. [prétexter]

arguer que... to put forward the fact that...

arguant qu'il avait une mauvaise vue pleading his poor eyesight

————————

arguer de verbe plus préposition

to use as an excuse, to plead

il s'en est tiré en arguant de son ignorance he got away with it by putting forward ou using his ignorance as an excuse

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > arguer
10 προβάλλω

προβάλλω, [tense] fut. - βᾰλῶ: [tense] pf. - βέβληκα: [dialect] Ep.[tense] aor.2

A προβάλεσκον Od. 5.331
: Hom. has only [tense] aor. [voice] Act. and [voice] Med. without augm.:— throw or lay before, throw to, Νότος Βορέῃ προβάλεσκε [σχεδίην] φέρεσθαι l.c.; τοὺς μαζοὺς κυσὶ προέβαλε Hdt.9.112
; τρωγάλια τοῖς θεωμένοις Ar.Pl. 798
; πυροὺς ὀλίγους π. Id.Av. 626
; π. τινὰ ταῖς Νύμφαις Pl.Phdr. 241e
; ἀνδρὶ δέμας, of a woman, E.Cret.6: without dat., π. ἀκήδευτα τὰ σώματα Plu.Per.28
.

II put forward, π. πρόβλημα Pl.Sph. 261a
; ἄμφω τὰ δεξιὰ προβεβληκώς, of a horse, Arist.Po. 1460b19 (also [voice] Med., τὰ ἀριστερὰ προβάλλονται Id.IA 706a6
); χλαμύδα ἀλώπεκι Paus.4.18.6
; π. αὐτὸν ἐς τὸ μέσον Luc.Cat.25
: metaph., ἀγαθὴν ἐλπίδα π. σαυτῷ Men.572
:—[voice] Pass., v. infr. B.111.1.

b in obstetrics, present, [voice] Act. and [voice] Pass., Hp.Mul.1.69, Sor.2.60, al.

2 ἔριδα προβαλόντες putting forth strife, i.e. striving, Il.11.529.

3 put forward as an argument or plea, ἐπεί μοι τὴν θέμιν προὔβαλες S.Tr. 810
; Κύπριν E. Hec. 825
; τοὔνομα τὸ τῆς εἰρήνης D.9.8
:—[voice] Pass., τὸν ὑφ' ἁπάντων προβαλλόμενον λόγον Th.6.92
; ἐς ἐνθυμίαν αἰεὶ προβαλλόμενος Id.5.16
.

4 [voice] Med., put forward, propose for an office, λῃτουργεῖν π. γυμνασίαρχον And.1.132
:—[voice] Pass., v. infr. B.1.4.

5 propound a question, task, problem, riddle (cf. πρόβλημα IV), Ar.Nu. 757, Pl.R. 536d; αἴνιγμα, γρῖφον, Id.Chrm. 162b, Antiph.74.5; χαλεπὴν π. ᾱἵρεσιν Pl. Sph. 245b
; εὔσκεπτον σκέψιν π. Id.Phlb. 65d
; ὰπορίαν Arist.Pol. 1283b35: later folld. by interrog. clause, πρόβαλε σαυτῷ τί ἂν ἐποίησεν ἐν τούτῳ Σωκράτης Epict.Ench.33.12
; θεοῦ προβαλόντος πότερον.. Aristid.1.41
J.:—[voice] Pass., προβάλλεται τάδε θεωρῆσαι, περὶ τοῦ κώνου προβεβλημένα ἐστὶ τάδε, Archim.Con.Sph.Praef., Spir.Praef.

6 put forth beyond, κάρα.. ὀχημάτων S.El. 740
; τῶν ὀδόντων τὴν γλῶσσαν Aret.SA1.7
; φλέγμα καὶ ἀφρῶδες ἐκ τοῦ στόματος Philum.Ven.1.2
.

III expose, give up, π. σφέας αὐτοὺς ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ give themselves up for lost, Hdt.7.141; ἐμαυτὸν εἰς ἀρὰς δεινάς S.OT 745
;
ψυχὴν π. ἐν κύβοισι δαίμονος
hazard, venture, E.Rh. 183
.

IV send forth, emit, τράγου ὀσμήν v.l. (for προς- ) in Dsc.4.50; τὴν φωνὴν ὀξεῖαν π. D.S.3.8
; ἦχον τραχύν Id.5.30
, etc.; produce, καρπόν J.AJ 4.8.19
; ἄνθος Aët.12.1
:—[voice] Pass., c. gen., to be emitted from, αἱ τῶν θεῶν δυνάμεις προβεβλημέναι τῶν πρώτων Procl.in Prm.p.552S.

V intr., stick out, of the tongue, Arist.PA 660a24.

2 fall forward, εἰς τὸ μέτωπον Sch.Ar.Av. 487.

B [voice] Med. with [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. (used also in pass. sense, v. infr.):— throw or toss before one, οὐλοχύτας προβάλοντο Il.1.458
, al.: hence, throw away, expose, S.Ph. 1017.

2 set before or in front, θεμείλιά τε προβάλοντο Il.23.255
.

3 set before oneself, propose to oneself, ἔργον Hes. Op. 779
.

4 put forward, propose for election, Hdt.1.98, Pl.Lg. 755c sq., X.An.6.1.25, IG22.1343.29, etc.; προβαλλόμενος ἑαυτόν D. 21.15
:—[voice] Pass., Hdt. l.c., Pl.l.c., etc.; προβληθεὶς πυλάγορος οὗτος D. 18.149
, cf.285.

5 c. dat. et inf., challenge a person to..,π. μοι [ὀμόσαι] Mitteis Chr.32i14, cf. ii 13(ii B.C.):—[voice] Pass., of the oath, to be proposed as a challenge, ib.ii 25, Sammelb. 5231.9 (i A.D.).

II throw beyond, beat in throwing: hence, surpass, excel, c. gen. pers. et dat. rei, ἐγὼ δέ κε σεῖο νοήματί γε προβαλοίμην Il.19.218
.

III hold before oneself so as to protect, λαιᾷ ἴτυν Tyrt.15.3
; Πηλεΐδᾳ κατ' ὄμμα πέλταν E.Rh. 370
(lyr.); τὼ χεῖρε Ar.Ra. 201
; π. τὰ ὅπλα level arms, opp. μεταβάλλεσθαι (cf. προβολή 1
), τὴν φάλαγγα ἐκέλευσε προβαλέσθαι τὰ ὅπλα καὶ ἐπιχωρῆσαι X.An.1.2.17
, cf. 6.5.16, Mem.3.8.4: in [tense] pf. [voice] Pass., σάρισαν προβεβλημένος having his pike advanced, with levelled pike, D.S.17.100; τοὺς θυρεοὺς πρὸ τῶν νώτων.. -βεβλημένοι Arr.Tact.36.1
; εἰκοσάπηχύν τινα προβεβλ. κοντόν Luc.DMort.27.4
; also προβεβλημένοι τοὺς θωρακοφόρους having them to cover one in front, X.Cyr. 6.3.24; π. τάφρον, ποταμόν, of a general, Plb.1.18.3, 2.5.5; π. τῆς.. στρατοπεδείας τεῖχος Id.1.48.10
, etc.; πόλις -βεβλημένη ποταμόν Str. 11.2.17
; π. τὰ θηρία πρὸ τῶν κεράτων, λογχοφόρους τῆς δυνάμεως, Plb.3.72.9, 3.113.6: abs., stand in front, πρὸ ἀμφοῖν προβεβλημένος standing so as to cover both, X.An.4.2.21, cf. Cyr.2.3.10: c. gen., τούτου προβέβληται Πολύευκτος D.21.139
; προβάλλεσθαι ἢ ἐναντίον βλέπειν οὔτ' οἶδεν οὔτ' ἐθέλει Id.4.40
; προαίρεσις τῆς πολιτείας προβεβλημένη a guarded policy, Id.19.27; πρὸς ἅπαντας -βεβλημένος on one's guard against, Plu. Dio 9:—[voice] Pass., ἱππῆς προβέβληνται πρὸ τοῦ δεξιοῦ κέρως Arr.Tact.36.2
; κράνη πρὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς π. ib.34.3.

2 metaph., put forward, τὴν ἀγαθὴν προβαλλόμενος ἐλπίδα D.18.97
; ταύτην τὴν συμμαχίαν ib.195; τὴν Εὔβοιαν προβαλέσθαι πρὸ τῆς Ἀττικῆς ib.301, cf. 300, Isoc.5.122; τι πρὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης Aeschin.3.11
.

b bring forward, cite on one's own part, in defence, τὸν Ὅμηρον π. Pl.La. 201b
; π. μάρτυρας Is.7.3
, etc.; ὁ προβαλόμενος one who has brought evidence, Lex ap.D.46.10; cite as an example, ἔθνος οὐδὲν ἔχομεν προβαλέσθαι σοφίης πέρι Hdt.4.46
; use as an excuse or pretext, Th.2.87, etc.; τὸ εὐπρεπὲς ἄσπονδον προβέβληνται Id.1.37
; π. σκῆψιν, πρόφασιν, Plb.5.56.7, 15.20.3.

IV in [dialect] Att. law, accuse a person by προβολή (v. προβολή v), present him as guilty of the offence, προὐβαλόμην ἀδικεῖν τοῦτον περὶ τὴν ἑορτήν D.21.1
(cf. Harp. s.v. προβαλλομένους) ; π. τινά τι ib.28; τινα alone, ib. 175; ὁ προβαλλόμενος the prosecutor in a προβολή, ib. 179:—[voice] Pass., to be accused or presented, προὐβλήθησαν X.HG1.7.35
: generally, attack, censure, τὸ ἔθος D.H.4.24
, cf. Ph.2.137; τοὺς ψευδομένους J.BJ2.8.7
(s. v.l.), cf. Plu.CG14; opp. [full] ἐπαινεῖν, Id.2.18d.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προβάλλω
11 offer

'ofə
1. past tense, past participle - offered; verb
1) (to put forward (a gift, suggestion etc) for acceptance or refusal: She offered the man a cup of tea; He offered her $20 for the picture.) ofrecer

2) (to say that one is willing: He offered to help.) ofrecerse

2. noun
1) (an act of offering: an offer of help.) oferta, ofrecimiento

2) (an offering of money as the price of something: They made an offer of $50,000 for the house.) oferta

•

- offering
- on offer

offer¹ n oferta

he made a good offer for the car me hizo una buena oferta por el coche

these biscuits are on special offer estas galletas están de oferta

offer² vb ofrecer

she offered me a coffee me ofreció un café

he offered to help me with my homework se ofreció para ayudarme a hacer los deberes

offer

tr['ɒfə^SMALLr/SMALL]

transitive verb

1 (gen) ofrecer

■ she offered us a drink nos ofreció una copa

2 (show willingness) ofrecerse (to, para)

■ he offered me a lift to the airport se ofreció para llevarme al aeropuerto

3 (propose) proponer, sugerir

4 (provide) proporcionar, ofrecer, brindar

5 (prayer, praise, sacrifice, etc) ofrecer (up, -)

intransitive verb

1 (show willingness) ofrecerse

■ she never even offered to help ni siquiera se ofreció para ayudar

2 formal use (occur, arise) presentarse

3 (propose marriage) proponer matrimonio (to, a)

noun

1 (gen) oferta, ofrecimiento; (proposal) propuesta

■ she accepted his kind offer to help aceptó su amable oferta de ayuda

■ an offer of marriage una propuesta de matrimonio

2 (bid, amount offered) oferta

3 SMALLCOMMERCE/SMALL oferta

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

or nearest offer a convenir, negociable

to be on offer (at reduced price) estar de oferta 2 (available) disponible

to be open to offers aceptar ofertas

to make an offer for something hacer una oferta por algo

to make somebody an offer they can't refuse hacerle una oferta muy tentadora a alguien

to offer itself presentarse

to take somebody up on an offer aceptar la oferta de alguien

offer ['ɔfər] vt

1) : ofrecer

they offered him the job: le ofrecieron el puesto

2) propose: proponer, sugerir

3) show: ofrecer, mostrar

to offer resistance: ofrecer resistencia

offer n

: oferta f, ofrecimiento m, propuesta f

offer

n.

• envite s.m.

• manda s.f.

• oferta s.f.

• ofrecimiento s.m.

v.

• brindar v.

• deparar v.

• objetar v.

• ofrecer v.

• rezar v.

I
1. 'ɔːfər, 'ɒfə(r)
transitive verb

1)

a) ( proffer) ofrecer*

may I offer you a drink? — ¿quisiera beber algo?

I offered him my hand, but he refused it — le tendí la mano, pero la rechazó

she offered her resignation — puso su cargo a disposición del presidente (or de su jefe etc)

b) ( show willingness)

to offer to + INF — ofrecerse* a + inf

2) ( put forward) \<\<idea/solution\>\> proponer*, sugerir*; \<\<excuse/alibi\>\> presentar

he never even offered any suggestions — ni siquiera hizo ninguna sugerencia

3) ( provide) \<\<reward\>\> ofrecer*; \<\<opportunity\>\> brindar, ofrecer*

to have something to offer — tener* algo que ofrecer

4) (give, show) \<\<resistance\>\> ofrecer*, oponer*

5) offer (up) \<\<prayers/sacrifice\>\> ofrecer*

2.

v refl

to offer itself — \<\<opportunity\>\> presentarse

3.

vi ( show willingness) ofrecerse*

II

noun

1)

a) (proposal- of job, money) oferta f; (- of help, mediation) ofrecimiento m

the offer still stands — la oferta sigue en pie

they refused my offer of the car — no quisieron que les prestara el coche

an offer of marriage — una proposición matrimonial or de matrimonio

I've had the offer of a job in Rome — me han ofrecido un trabajo en Roma

the windows need cleaning: any offers? — hay que limpiar las ventanas: ¿quién se ofrece?

b) ( bid) oferta f

$650 or nearest offer — 650 dólares negociables or a convenir

2) (bargain, reduced price) oferta f

introductory offer — oferta de lanzamiento

3)

on offer — (BrE)

a) ( available)

there's not much on offer at this year's fair — no hay mucho para comprar en la feria de este año

b) ( at reduced price) de oferta

['ɒfǝ(r)]
1.

N (also Comm) oferta f

offers over £25 — ofertas a partir de 25 libras

£50 or nearest offer — 50 libras, negociable

• he has had a good offer for the house — le han hecho una buena oferta por la casa

• introductory offer — oferta f de lanzamiento

• to make (sb) an offer (for sth) — hacer una oferta (a algn) (por algo)

they made me an offer I couldn't refuse — me hicieron una oferta que no pude rechazar

• offers of help are flooding in — están lloviendo las ofertas de ayuda

I accepted his offer of a lift — acepté cuando se ofreció a llevarme en coche

offer of marriage — propuesta f de matrimonio

• to be on offer — (Comm) estar de oferta

on offer this week — de oferta esta semana

it's the only entertainment on offer in this town — es la única atracción en esta ciudad

there are so many courses on offer — existe tal oferta de cursillos

• offer of peace, peace offer — ofrecimiento m de paz

• I might take you up on that offer — puede que acepte tu oferta

• the house is under offer — tenemos una oferta para la casa pendiente de formalizar el contrato
job 3., open 1., 8), share, special
2. VT

1) (=invite to)

can I offer you sth to drink? — ¿quieres tomar algo?

"can I get you a drink?" she offered — -¿te sirvo algo? -preguntó ofreciéndose

2) (=make available) [+ help, services, money] ofrecer; [+ information, advice] dar, ofrecer

to have a lot to offer — tener mucho que ofrecer

to offer sb sth, offer sth to sb — ofrecer algo a algn

the island has little to offer the tourist — la isla no tiene mucho que ofrecer al turista

I offered her a fair price for the land — le ofrecí un buen precio por el terreno

to offer to do sth — ofrecerse a hacer algo

I offered to pay for her — me ofrecí a pagar lo suyo

one of the group offered himself as spokesman — uno del grupo se prestó or se ofreció a ser el portavoz

to offer one's hand — (to shake) tender la mano

3) (=express, make) [+ opinion] expresar; [+ comment, remark, suggestion] hacer

if I may offer a suggestion... — si me permite hacer una sugerencia...

• to offer an apology — ofrecer disculpas, disculparse

• he offered no explanation — no dio ninguna explicación

• the President has offered his sympathy to relatives — el presidente ha expresado sus condolencias a los familiares

4) (=afford) [+ opportunity, prospect, solution] ofrecer

the country offers a wealth of opportunities for investment — el país ofrece or brinda muchas oportunidades de inversión

the hotel offers magnificent views over the lake — el hotel tiene unas magníficas vistas al lago

it seemed to offer a solution to our problem — parecía ofrecer or brindar una solución a nuestro problema

5) (=show)

he offered no resistance — no opuso resistencia

6) (Rel) (also: offer up) [+ sacrifice] ofrecer

to offer (up) a prayer for sb — rezar una oración por algn

to offer (up) a prayer to Saint Anthony — ofrecer or rezar una oración a San Antonio

she offered (up) a silent prayer of thanks — rezó en silencio dando gracias

3. VI

1) (=volunteer) ofrecerse

I could have done with some help but no one offered — me hubiera venido bien algo de ayuda pero nadie se ofreció

2) (=become available) presentarse

she promised to do it when opportunity offered — prometió hacerlo cuando se presentara la oportunidad

4.

CPD

offer price N — (St Ex) precio m de oferta

* * *

I
1. ['ɔːfər, 'ɒfə(r)]
transitive verb

1)

a) ( proffer) ofrecer*

may I offer you a drink? — ¿quisiera beber algo?

I offered him my hand, but he refused it — le tendí la mano, pero la rechazó

she offered her resignation — puso su cargo a disposición del presidente (or de su jefe etc)

b) ( show willingness)

to offer to + INF — ofrecerse* a + inf

2) ( put forward) \<\<idea/solution\>\> proponer*, sugerir*; \<\<excuse/alibi\>\> presentar

he never even offered any suggestions — ni siquiera hizo ninguna sugerencia

3) ( provide) \<\<reward\>\> ofrecer*; \<\<opportunity\>\> brindar, ofrecer*

to have something to offer — tener* algo que ofrecer

4) (give, show) \<\<resistance\>\> ofrecer*, oponer*

5) offer (up) \<\<prayers/sacrifice\>\> ofrecer*

2.

v refl

to offer itself — \<\<opportunity\>\> presentarse

3.

vi ( show willingness) ofrecerse*

II

noun

1)

a) (proposal- of job, money) oferta f; (- of help, mediation) ofrecimiento m

the offer still stands — la oferta sigue en pie

they refused my offer of the car — no quisieron que les prestara el coche

an offer of marriage — una proposición matrimonial or de matrimonio

I've had the offer of a job in Rome — me han ofrecido un trabajo en Roma

the windows need cleaning: any offers? — hay que limpiar las ventanas: ¿quién se ofrece?

b) ( bid) oferta f

$650 or nearest offer — 650 dólares negociables or a convenir

2) (bargain, reduced price) oferta f

introductory offer — oferta de lanzamiento

3)

on offer — (BrE)

a) ( available)

there's not much on offer at this year's fair — no hay mucho para comprar en la feria de este año

b) ( at reduced price) de oferta

English-spanish dictionary > offer
12 anführen

v/t (trennb., hat -ge-)

1. lead; MIL. auch command; (Bewegung, Entwicklung etc.) head, spearhead; (Tabelle etc.) be at the head of

2. (erwähnen, sagen) state, say; (Gründe) put forward, state; (zitieren) quote, cite a law etc.; (Beweise, Zeugen) produce; zur Verteidigung, Entschuldigung: state (in s.o.’s defen|ce [ Am. -se]), plead (as an excuse)

3. umg. (foppen) have (Am. put) s.o. on, take s.o. for a ride

* * *

(erwähnen) to mention;

(leiten) to head; to lead;

(zitieren) to quote; to cite

* * *
ạn|füh|ren
vt sep

1) (= vorangehen, befehligen) to lead

2) (= zitieren) to quote, to cite; Tatsachen, Beispiel to quote, to cite, to give; Einzelheiten to give; Umstand to cite, to refer to; Grund, Beweis to give, to offer; (= benennen) jdn to name, to cite

3) (TYP) to indicate or mark with quotation marks or inverted commas

4)

jdn anführen (inf) — to have sb on (inf), to take sb for a ride (inf)

der lässt sich leicht anführen — he's easily taken in

* * *

1) (to be captain of (something non-military): John captained the football team last year.) captain

2) (to be first (in): An official car led the procession; He is still leading in the competition.) lead

3) (to speak of or refer to: He mentioned the plan.) mention

4) (to mention or state in support of an argument: to quote an example.) quote

* * *

an|füh·ren

vt

1. (befehligen)

▪ jdn/etw \anführen to lead sb/sth

Truppen \anführen to command [or lead] troops

2. (fig: zitieren)

▪ etw \anführen to quote sth

ein Beispiel/Beweise/einen Grund \anführen to give an example/evidence/a reason

3. (fig: benennen)

▪ jdn \anführen to name sb

4. (fig fam: hereinlegen)

▪ jdn \anführen to take sb in, to have sb on sep

▪ sich von jdm \anführen lassen to be taken for a ride by sb, to be taken in by sb

* * *

transitives Verb

1) lead; lead, head < procession>

2) (zitieren) quote

3) (nennen) quote, give, offer < example>; give, offer <details, reason, proof>

4) (ugs.): (hereinlegen) have on (Brit. coll.); dupe

* * *

anführen v/t (trennb, hat -ge-)

1. lead; MIL auch command; (Bewegung, Entwicklung etc) head, spearhead; (Tabelle etc) be at the head of

2. (erwähnen, sagen) state, say; (Gründe) put forward, state; (zitieren) quote, cite a law etc; (Beweise, Zeugen) produce; zur Verteidigung, Entschuldigung: state (in sb’s defence [ US -se]), plead (as an excuse)

3. umg (foppen) have (US put) sb on, take sb for a ride

* * *

transitives Verb

1) lead; lead, head < procession>

2) (zitieren) quote

3) (nennen) quote, give, offer < example>; give, offer <details, reason, proof>

4) (ugs.): (hereinlegen) have on (Brit. coll.); dupe

* * *

v.

to adduce v.

to invoke v.

to lead v.

(§ p.,p.p.: led)

to quote v.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > anführen
13 plead

1. intransitive verb,
pleaded or (esp. Amer., Scot., dial.) pled

1) (make appeal) inständig bitten ( for um); (imploringly) flehen ( for um)

plead with somebody for something/to do something — jemanden inständig um etwas bitten/jemanden inständig [darum] bitten, etwas zu tun; (imploringly) jemanden um etwas anflehen/jemanden anflehen, etwas zu tun

2) (Law): (put forward plea; also fig.) plädieren

3) (Law)

how do you plead? — bekennen Sie sich schuldig?
2. transitive verb,
pleaded or (esp. Amer., Scot., dial.) pled

1) (beg) inständig bitten; (imploringly) flehen

2) (Law): (offer in mitigation) sich berufen auf (+ Akk.); geltend machen; (as excuse) sich entschuldigen mit

plead guilty/not guilty — (lit. or fig.) sich schuldig/nicht schuldig bekennen

3) (present in court)

plead somebody's case or plead the case for somebody — jemandes Sache vor Gericht vertreten

* * *
[pli:d]
past tense, past participles - pleaded; verb

1) ((of a prisoner) to answer a charge, saying whether one is guilty or not: `How does the prisoner plead?' `He pleads guilty.') plädieren

2) (to present a case in court: My lawyer will plead my case; My lawyer will plead for me.) vertreten

3) ((often with with) to make an urgent request: He pleaded with me not to go; He pleaded to be allowed to go.) dringend bitten

* * *

plead

<pleaded, pleaded or SCOT, AM also pled, pled>

[pli:d]

I. vi

1. (implore) [flehentlich] bitten, flehen

to \plead for forgiveness/justice/mercy um Verzeihung/Gerechtigkeit/Gnade bitten

▪ to \plead with sb [to do sth] jdn anflehen[, etw zu tun]

2. LAW (as advocate) plädieren; (speak for)

▪ to \plead for sb jdn verteidigen

3. + adj LAW (answer charge)

to \plead guilty sich akk schuldig bekennen; (as advocate) auf schuldig plädieren ÖSTERR

to \plead not guilty [or innocent] sich akk für nicht schuldig erklären; (as advocate) auf nicht schuldig plädieren ÖSTERR

how do you \plead? bekennen Sie sich schuldig?

he \pleaded guilty to the charge of indecent assault er gestand die sexuelle Nötigung

II. vt

1. (claim)

▪ to \plead sth etw behaupten [o angeben]

your best bet is to \plead inexperience am besten weisen Sie auf ihre Unerfahrenheit hin

to \plead one's ignorance sich akk auf Unkenntnis berufen

to \plead insanity LAW auf Unzurechnungsfähigkeit plädieren

2. (argue for)

to \plead a/sb's cause [with sb] [jdm] einen/jds Fall vortragen

to \plead a case LAW eine Sache vor Gericht vertreten

* * *
[pliːd] pret, ptp pleaded or ( Scot, US) pled
1. vt

1) (= argue) vertreten

to plead the case for sb (Jur) — jdn vertreten

to plead the case for the defence (Jur) — die Verteidigung vertreten

to plead the case for sth (fig) — sich für etw einsetzen

to plead sb's cause (fig) — jds Sache vertreten, für jds Sache eintreten

2) (as excuse) ignorance, insanity sich berufen auf (+acc)

2. vi

1) (= beg) bitten, nachsuchen (for um)

to plead with sb to do sth — jdn bitten or ersuchen (geh), etw zu tun

2) (JUR counsel) das Plädoyer halten

to plead guilty/not guilty — sich schuldig/nicht schuldig bekennen

how do you plead? — bekennen Sie sich schuldig?

to plead for sth (fig) — für etw plädieren

* * *

plead [pliːd]

A v/i prät und pperf pleaded [-ıd], plead [pled], besonders schott und US pled [pled]

1. JUR

a) plädieren ( for für) (auch fig), einen oder den Fall (vor Gericht) vertreten

b) einen oder den Fall erörtern, Beweisgründe vorbringen ( for für; against gegen)

c) sich zu seiner Verteidigung äußern:

plead (not) guilty sich (nicht) schuldig bekennen (to gen);

plead guilty to doing sth sich schuldig bekennen, etwas getan zu haben

2. flehentlich oder inständig bitten ( for um; with sb jemanden)

3. sich einsetzen oder verwenden ( with bei; for für)

4. einwenden oder geltend machen ( that dass):

his youth pleads for him seine Jugend spricht für ihn

B v/t

1. JUR und fig als Verteidigung oder Entschuldigung anführen, sich berufen auf (akk), Kopfschmerzen etc vorschützen

2. JUR erörtern

3. eine Sache vertreten, verteidigen, sich einsetzen für:

plead sb’s cause

4. JUR (als Beweisgrund) vorbringen, anführen

* * *
1. intransitive verb,
pleaded or (esp. Amer., Scot., dial.) pled

1) (make appeal) inständig bitten ( for um); (imploringly) flehen ( for um)

plead with somebody for something/to do something — jemanden inständig um etwas bitten/jemanden inständig [darum] bitten, etwas zu tun; (imploringly) jemanden um etwas anflehen/jemanden anflehen, etwas zu tun

2) (Law): (put forward plea; also fig.) plädieren

3) (Law)

how do you plead? — bekennen Sie sich schuldig?
2. transitive verb,
pleaded or (esp. Amer., Scot., dial.) pled

1) (beg) inständig bitten; (imploringly) flehen

2) (Law): (offer in mitigation) sich berufen auf (+ Akk.); geltend machen; (as excuse) sich entschuldigen mit

plead guilty/not guilty — (lit. or fig.) sich schuldig/nicht schuldig bekennen

3) (present in court)

plead somebody's case or plead the case for somebody — jemandes Sache vor Gericht vertreten

* * *

v.

plädieren v.

English-german dictionary > plead
14 προτείνω

προτείνω,

A stretch out before, hold before, τὸν χαλινόν X.Eq.6.11
([voice] Pass.); [ὁ ναυτίλος] π. τὰς πλεκτάνας Arist.HA 525a28
.

2 expose to danger, ψυχὴν.. προτείνων S.Aj. 1270
.

3 metaph., hold out as a pretext or excuse, π. πρόφασιν Hdt.1.156
; σκῆψιν E.El. 1067
; θεούς S.Ph. 992
; παιδὸς θάνατον E.Andr. 428
:—[voice] Med., π. τὴν ἡλικίαν Pl.Ep. 317c
.

II stretch forth, hold out, χεῖρα, as a suppliant, Archil.130; τὰς χεῖρας Hdt.1.45
, 7.233 (for punishment, Ps.-Callisth. 2.2); φύλλον οἱ ἱκέται προτείνουσι Call.Iamb.1.275a
( προτιμῶσι 275
); also προτείνει χεὶρ ἐκ χερὸς ὀρέγματα (Herm. for ὀρεγόμενα) A.Ag. 1110 (lyr.); π. ἑαυτόν leaning forward, Pl.R. 449b: hence intr., stretch forward, προτείνουσα εἰς τὸ πέλαγος [ἄκρα] Id.Criti. 111a, cf. Plb.1.29.2, etc.

2 π. χεῖρα δεξιάν offer, tender it as a pledge, S.Ph. 1292, cf. Tr. 1184, E.Alc. 1118, etc.; π. πίστιν D.23.117
.

3 hold out, offer, μεγάλα π. ἐπ' οἷσι ὁμολογέειν ἐθέλουσι Hdt.8.140
.
β; κέρδος A.Pr. 777
; τελετάς E.Ba. 238
; κάλλος Id.Hel.28
; φάντασμα Pl.R. 382a
; ἐλπίδα E.Fr. 131
; δραχμὰς εἴκοσιν Ar.Pl. 1019
; ἐλευθερίαν Antipho 5.50
; δέλεαρ π. τὴν ἡδονήν Plu.2
13a; ἐμοὶ λόγους Pl.Phdr. 230d
: c. inf., π. τινὶ λαβεῖν ὅ τι χρῄζει X.Oec.5.8
:—[voice] Med., Hdt.5.24, 7.161; ἔρωτα Pl.Phdr. 266b
; φιλίαν προτενεῖται D.14.5
; τὴν ἀειλογίαν Id.19.2
:—[voice] Pass., δυοῖν προτεινομένοιν ἀγαθοῖν Isoc.6.37
, cf. 12.117.

4 put forward, propose, π. ζητήματα, ἐρωτήματα, Plu.2.737d, Arr.Epict. 3.8.1; αἴνιγμά τινι D.L.2.70
, etc.:—[voice] Med., offer or put forward as instances, Pl.Grg. 518b:—[voice] Pass., Sor.2.1, Iamb.Myst.1.3.

5 Med.. μισθὸν προτείνασθαι stipulate for as a reward, Hdt.9.34.

III put forward as a proposition ( πρότασις 1.1
), Arist.APr. 47a15, Top. 104a5, al.:—[voice] Med., ib. 164b4:—[voice] Pass., ib.7.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προτείνω
15 servir

servir [sεʀviʀ]

➭ TABLE 14

1. transitive verb

   a. ( = être au service de) [+ pays, cause] to serve ; ( = être soldat) to serve

• servir la messe (Religion) to serve mass

   b. [domestique] to serve

• elle aime se faire servir she likes to be waited on (PROV) on n'est jamais si bien servi que par soi-même if you want something doing, do it yourself

   c. ( = aider) [+ personne] to be of service to

• servir les ambitions/intérêts de qn to serve sb's ambitions/interests

• il a été servi par les circonstances he was aided by circumstances

• il a été servi par une bonne mémoire his memory served him well

   d. (dans un magasin) [+ client] to serve ; [+ dîneur] to wait on ; (chez soi, à table) to serve

• le boucher m'a bien servi (en qualité) the butcher has given me good meat ; (en quantité) the butcher has given me a good amount for my money

• on vous sert, Madame ? are you being served?

• « Madame est servie » "dinner is served"

• ils voulaient de la neige, ils ont été servis ! they wanted snow - and they certainly weren't disappointed!

   e. ( = donner) [+ rafraîchissement, plat] to serve

• servir qch à qn to help sb to sth

• servir le déjeuner/dîner to serve (up) lunch/dinner

• « servir frais » "serve chilled"

• servir à déjeuner/dîner to serve lunch/dinner ( à qn to sb)

• servir à boire to serve drinks

• servir à boire à qn to serve a drink to sb

   f. (Cards) to deal

   g. (Sport) to serve

• à vous de servir it's your turn to serve

2. intransitive verb

• cette valise n'a jamais servi this suitcase has never been used

• ne jette pas cette boîte, ça peut toujours servir don't throw that box away - it may still come in handy

• est-ce que cela pourrait vous servir ? could this be of any use to you?

► servir à ( = être utile à) [+ personne] to be of use to ; [+ opération] to be of use in

• servir à faire qch to be used for doing sth

• ça ne sert à rien [objet] it's no use ; [démarche] there's no point

• cela ne sert à rien de pleurer it's no use crying

• à quoi sert cet objet ? what's this thing used for?

• cela ne servirait pas à grand-chose de dire... it wouldn't be much use saying...► servir de ( = être utilisé comme) [personne] to act as ; [ustensile, objet] to serve as

• elle lui a servi d'interprète she acted as his interpreter

• cette pièce sert de chambre d'amis this room serves as a guest room

• cela pourrait te servir de table you could use that as a table

3. reflexive verb

► se servir

   a. (à table, dans une distribution) to help o.s.

   b.

se servir de ( = utiliser) to use

• il sait bien se servir de cet outil he knows how to use this tool

• il s'est servi de moi he used me

   c. (sens passif) ce vin se sert très frais this wine should be served chilled

* * *
sɛʀviʀ
1.

verbe transitif

1) gén to serve

le boucher m'a mal servi aujourd'hui — the butcher didn't give me very good meat today

servir quelque chose à quelqu'un, servir quelqu'un en quelque chose — to serve somebody (with) something

qu'est-ce que je vous sers (à boire)? — what would you like to drink?

tu as été bien servi en gâteau — you've been given a generous helping of cake

‘Madame est servie’ — ‘dinner is served Madam’

au moment de servir — before serving

‘servir frais’ — ‘serve chilled’

servir la messe — to serve mass

2) fig ( être utile à) [situation] to help [personne, cause]; to serve [intérêt]; [personne] to further [ambition, intérêt]

3) (colloq) ( donner)

servir quelque chose comme excuse — to use something as an excuse

4) Jeux to deal [cartes]

2.

servir à verbe transitif indirect

1) lit

servir à quelqu'un — [pièce, maison, salle] to be used by somebody

cette casserole me sert pour faire des confitures — I use this pan for making jam

servir à quelque chose — to be used for something

les exercices m'ont servi à comprendre la règle — the exercises helped me to understand the rule

2) fig to come in useful

cela ne sert à rien — ( objet) it's useless; ( action) it's no good

cela ne sert à rien de faire — there's no point in doing

servir à quelque chose — to serve a useful purpose

servir à faire — to be used for doing

3.

servir de verbe transitif indirect ( avoir la fonction)

servir d'intermédiaire à quelqu'un — to act as an intermediary for somebody

servir d'arme — to be used as a weapon

4.

verbe intransitif

1) Armée

servir dans — to serve in

2) Sport to serve

3) ( être employé)

il a servi dix ans chez nous — he was in our service for ten years

servir dans un café — gén to work as a waiter in a café; ( au bar) to work as a barman

4) ( être utilisé) to be used

5.

se servir verbe pronominal

1) (à boire, à manger) to help oneself

se servir un verre de vin — to pour oneself a glass of wine

sers-toi bien — take plenty

2) ( dans un magasin) to serve oneself; ( faire ses courses)

se servir chez le boucher du coin — to shop at the local butcher's

3) ( faire usage de)

se servir de quelque chose/quelqu'un — to use something/somebody

se servir d'une situation — to make use of a situation

4) Culinaire to be served

6.

verbe impersonnel

il ne sert à rien de crier — there's no point in shouting

••

on n'est jamais si bien servi que par soi-même — Proverbe if you want something done it's better to do it yourself

* * *
sɛʀviʀ
1. vt

1) (en tant que sujet, citoyen) [autorité, idéal, patrie] to serve

2) (au restaurant) [dîneur, consommateur] to wait on, to serve

3) (à table) [invité] to serve

je vous sers? — shall I serve you?

servir qn de qch — to help sb to sth, to serve sb with sth

Je vous sers de la soupe? — Shall I help you to soup?

4) [vin, plats] to serve

Ils ont servi un plat délicieux. — They served a delicious meal.

servir qch à qn — to serve sb with sth, to help sb to sth

qu'est-ce que je vous sers? — what can I get you?

5) (au magasin) [client] to serve, to attend to

on vous sert? — are you being served?

6) (= être avantageux à)

servir les intérêts de qn — to serve sb's interests

7) COMMERCE, [rente] to pay

8)

servir à qn [diplôme, livre] — to be of use to sb

Cette perceuse m'a beaucoup servi. — I've used this drill a lot.

ça m'a servi pour réparer... — I used it to fix...

Ça m'a beaucoup servi pour mes examens. — It was very useful for my exams.

9)

servir à qch/à faire [outil] — to be used for sth/for doing

à quoi ça sert? — what's it for?

à quoi cela sert de faire...? — what's the use of doing...?

cela ne sert à rien — it's no use

Ça ne sert à rien d'insister. — It's no use insisting.

10)

servir de qch — to be used as sth

Le dictionnaire a servi de cale. — The dictionary was used as a wedge., The dictionary served as a wedge.

Le dictionnaire m'a servi de cale. — I used the dictionary as a wedge.

2. vi

1) [chose] (= être utile) to come in useful, to be of use

Ça peut encore servir. — It might still come in useful., It might still come in handy.

2) (en tant que domestique) to be in service

Il a servi pendant plus de vingt ans chez les McDuff. — He was in service for more than twenty years at the McDuffs'.

3) (en tant que soldat) to serve

Il a servi dans l'infanterie. — He served in the infantry.

4) (au restaurant) to serve

On ne sert plus après 14h. — We don't serve after 2 pm.

servir à dîner — to serve dinner

servir à dîner à qn — to serve dinner to sb, to serve sb dinner

5) TENNIS to serve

À toi de servir. — It's your serve.

6) CARTES to deal

* * *

servir verb table: partir

A vtr

1 ( être au service de) to serve [État, maître, société];

2 ( fournir) [commerçant, serveur] to serve; il n'y a personne pour servir there's nobody to serve; le boucher m'a mal servi aujourd'hui the butcher didn't give me very good meat today; je suis toujours très bien servi dans leur magasin I'm always very happy with what I buy in their shop GB ou store US; moi qui voulais du changement, je suis servie! iron well I wanted a change and I certainly got it!;

3 (donner à boire, à manger) to serve [invité, plat, boisson]; servir qch à qn to serve sb (with) sth; servir qn à table to serve sb at table; servir à manger/à dîner à qn to serve food/dinner to sb; qu'est-ce que je vous sers (à boire)? what would you like to drink?; servir qn en qch (en légumes, viande) to serve sb sth; il m'a servi une grosse part de gâteau he served me a large slice of cake; tu es mal servi you haven't got much; tu es bien servi? have you got enough?; tu as été bien servi en gâteau you've been given a generous helping of cake; ‘Madame est servie’ ‘dinner is served Madam’; au moment de servir before serving; ‘servir frais’ ‘serve chilled’;

4 ( être utile à) [situation] to help [personne, projet, cause]; to serve [intérêt]; [personne] to further [cause, ambition, intérêt]; servir un but or une fin to serve an end;

5 ○( donner) servir qch comme argument/excuse to use sth as an argument/excuse;

6 Relig servir la messe to serve mass;

7 Écon ( payer) to pay [rente, pension, intérêt];

8 Jeux to deal [cartes];

9 Mil to serve [arme].

B servir à vtr ind

1 ( être utilisé) servir à qn [pièce, maison, salle] to be used by sb; cela sert à mon père my father uses it; cette casserole me sert pour faire des confitures I use this pan for making jam; servir à qch to be used for sth; servir à la fabrication de qch to be used for making sth; cela ne sert à rien it's not used for anything; ces matériaux nous servent à fabriquer… we use these materials for manufacturing…; les exercices m'ont servi à comprendre la règle the exercises helped me to understand the rule;

2 ( être utile) [connaissances, objet] to come in useful; cela te servira it will come in useful (for you); cela ne m'a servi à rien this was of no use to me; cela ne sert à rien [objet] it's useless; [action] it's no good; je les ai menacés mais cela n'a servi à rien I threatened them but it didn't do any good; cela ne sert à rien de faire there's no point in doing; servir à quelque chose to serve a useful purpose; servir à faire to be used for doing.

C servir de vtr ind ( avoir la fonction) servir de [personne] to act as; servir d'intermédiaire/d'interprète à qn to act as an intermediary/an interpreter for sb; servir d'arme to be used as a weapon; la table nous sert de bureau we use the table as a desk; ⇒ courir.

D vi

1 Mil ( dans une armée) servir dans to serve in;

2 Sport to serve; à toi de servir it's your serve ou service;

3 ( être employé comme domestique) il a servi dix ans chez madame de la Poya he was in Mrs de la Poya's service for ten years; il a servi sous Turenne he served under Turenne;

4 ( être utilisé) to be used; ne jette pas la boîte, elle peut encore servir don't throw the box away, it might come in useful ou handy for something;

5 ( travailler comme serveur) servir dans un café gén to work as a waiter in a café; ( au bar) to work as a barman.

E se servir vpr

1 (à boire, à manger) to help oneself; servez-vous help yourself ou yourselves; se servir un verre de vin/une part de gâteau to help oneself to a glass of wine/a slice of cake; sers-toi bien take plenty;

2 ( faire ses courses) se servir chez le boucher du coin to shop at the local butcher's; pour le fromage nous nous servons chez Pauchon we buy cheese at ou from Pauchon's;

3 ( faire usage de) se servir de qch/qn to use sth/sb (comme as); se servir d'un stratagème to employ a stratagem; se servir d'une situation to make use of a situation;

4 Culin, Vin to be served; le vin se sert frais wine should be served chilled;

5 ( dans magasin) to help oneself (de qch to sth).

F v impers à quoi sert-il de faire? what's the point ou use of doing?; il ne sert à rien de crier there's no point in shouting.

Idiome

on n'est jamais si bien servi que par soi même Prov if you want something done it's better to do it yourself.

[sɛrvir] verbe transitif

1. [dans un magasin] to serve

on vous sert? [dans un café, une boutique] are you being attended to (soutenu) ou served?

servir quelqu'un de ou en quelque chose to serve somebody with something, to serve something to somebody

c'est une bonne cliente, sers-la bien

a. [en poids] be generous, she's a good customer

b. [en qualité] give her the best, she's a good customer

c'est difficile de se faire servir ici it's difficult to get served here

tu voulais du changement, tu es ou te voilà servi! (figuré) you wanted some changes, now you've got more than you bargained for ou now how do you like it?

[approvisionner]

servir quelqu'un en to supply somebody with

2. [donner - boisson, mets] to serve

[dans le verre] to pour (out) (separable)

[dans l'assiette] to dish out ou up (separable), to serve up (separable)

sers le café pour the coffee

puis-je te servir du poulet? can I help you to some chicken?

elle nous a servi un très bon cassoulet she gave us ou served up some lovely cassoulet

le dîner est servi! dinner's ready ou served!

Monsieur est servi (soutenu) [au dîner] dinner is served, Sir

servir quelque chose à quelqu'un to serve somebody with ou to help somebody to something

sers-moi à boire give ou pour me a drink

faîtes-vous servir à boire get the waiter to pour you a drink

vous nous servirez le thé au salon we'll take tea in the drawing room

(en usage absolu)

nous ne servons plus après 23 h we don't take orders after 11 p.m., last orders are at 11 p.m

servez chaud serve hot

3. (familier) [raconter] to give

ils nous servent toujours les mêmes histoires aux informations they always dish out the same old stories on the news

4. [travailler pour - famille] to be in service with ; [ - communauté, pays, parti] to serve ; [ - justice] to be at the service of ; [ - patrie, cause] to serve

j'aime bien me faire servir I like to be waited on

vous avez bien/mal servi votre entreprise you have served your company well/haven't given your company good service

servir l'intérêt public

a. [loi, mesure] to be in the public interest

b. [personne] to serve the public interest

servir l'État

a. POLITIQUE to serve the state

b. [être fonctionnaire] to be employed by the state

Charles Albert, pour vous servir (humoristique) Charles Albert, at your service

on n'est jamais si bien servi que par soi-même (proverbe) if you want something doing, do it yourself

5. [aider - suj: circonstances] to be of service to, to be ou to work to the advantage of

servir les ambitions de quelqu'un to serve ou to aid ou to further somebody's ambitions

le mauvais temps l'a servi the bad weather served him well ou worked to his advantage ou was on his side

sa mémoire la sert beaucoup her memory's a great help to her

finalement, son culot ne l'a pas servi (familier) his cheek didn't get him anywhere in the end

6. [payer - pension, rente] to pay (out) (separable)

servir les intérêts d'une dette to service a debt

7. SPORT to serve

8. [préparer - arme] to serve

9. RELIGION

servir la messe to serve mass

10. JEUX [cartes] to deal (out) (separable)

[joueur] to serve, to deal to (separable)

11. CHASSE to dispatch

12. MÉDECINE VÉTÉRINAIRE & ZOOLOGIE [saillir] to cover, to serve

13. (Suisse) [utiliser] to use

————————

[sɛrvir] verbe intransitif

1. [être utile - outil, vêtement, appareil] to be useful ou of use, to come in handy

garde la malle, ça peut toujours servir keep the trunk, you might need it ou it might come in handy one day

ça me servira pour ranger mes lettres I can use it to put my letters in

il a servi, ce manteau! I got a lot of use out of this coat!

cet argument a beaucoup servi this argument has been put forward many times

ça n'a jamais servi it's never been used

2. [travailler]

elle sert au château depuis 40 ans she's worked as a servant ou been in service at the castle for 40 years

servir dans un café/restaurant

a. [homme] to be a waiter (in a) café/restaurant

b. [femme] to be a waitress (in a) café/restaurant

MILITAIRE to serve

3. SPORT to serve

à toi de servir! your serve ou service!

elle sert bien

a. [généralement] she has a good service ou serve

b. [dans ce match] she's serving well

————————

servir à verbe plus préposition

1. [être destiné à] to be used for

2. [avoir pour conséquence]

servir à quelque chose: ça ne sert à rien de lui en parler it's useless ou of no use to talk about it with him

ne pleure pas, ça ne sert à rien don't cry, it won't make any difference

crier ne sert à rien there's no point in shouting

à quoi servirait de lui en parler? what would be the good ou point of killing him?

tu vois bien que ça a servi à quelque chose de faire une pétition! as you see, getting up a petition did serve some purpose!

ça n'a servi qu'à le rendre encore plus furieux it only served to make him ou it only made him even more furious

3. [être utile à]

servir à quelqu'un: merci, ça m'a beaucoup servi thanks, it was really useful ou a great help

sa connaissance du russe lui a servi dans son métier her knowledge of Russian helped her ou was of use to her in her job

les circonstances m'ont beaucoup servi the circumstances were in my favour

ça me servira à couper la pâte I'll use it to cut the dough

————————

servir de verbe plus préposition

[article, appareil] to be used as

[personne] to act as, to be

le coffre me sert aussi de table I also use the trunk as a table

le proverbe qui sert d'exergue au chapitre the proverb which heads the chapter

je lui ai servi d'interprète I acted as his interpreter

————————

se servir verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi)

[à table, dans un magasin] to help oneself

servez-vous de ou en légumes help yourself to vegetables

je me suis servi un verre de lait I poured myself a glass of milk

sers-toi! help yourself!

il s'est servi dans la caisse (euphémisme) he helped himself to the money in the till

[s'approvisionner]

je me sers chez le boucher de l'avenue I buy my meat at the butcher's on the avenue

————————

se servir verbe pronominal (emploi passif)

CUISINE to be served

le vin rouge se sert chambré red wine should be served at room temperature

————————

se servir de verbe pronominal plus préposition

se servir de quelque chose to use something

il ne peut plus se servir de son bras droit he can't use his right arm anymore

c'est une arme dont on ne se sert plus it's a weapon which is no longer used ou in use

se servir de quelque chose comme to use something as

se servir de quelqu'un to make use of ou to use somebody

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > servir
16 invoquer

invoquer [ɛ̃vɔke]

➭ TABLE 1 transitive verb

[+ argument] to put forward ; [+ témoignage, Dieu] to call upon ; [+ excuse, jeunesse, ignorance] to plead ; [+ loi, texte] to cite

• les raisons invoquées the reasons given

* * *
ɛ̃vɔke
verbe transitif to invoke

* * *
ɛ̃vɔke vt
1) [Dieu, muse] to call upon, to invoke

2) (= faire appel à) [clémence, humanité de qn] to appeal to

invoquer la clémence de qn — to beg sb for clemency, to appeal to sb for clemency

3) [prétexte, raison] to cite, [argument] to put forward

4) [témoignage] to call upon

5) [loi, texte] to refer to

* * *

invoquer verb table: aimer vtr

1 ( alléguer) to invoke [clause, loi, circonstances, prétexte]; le motif invoqué the motive adduced; invoquer qn comme exemple to cite sb as an example;

2 Relig to invoke [Dieu, saints];

3 ( solliciter) fml to invoke [aide, autorité] (contre against).

[ɛ̃vɔke] verbe transitif

1. [avoir recours à - argument, prétexte] to put forward (separable)

invoquer l'article 15 du Code pénal to refer to ou to cite Article 15 of the Penal Code

invoquer son ignorance to plead ignorance

2. [en appeler à - personne] to invoke, to appeal to (inseparable) ; [ - dieu] to invoke ; [ - aide] to call upon (inseparable)

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > invoquer
17 praetendo

prae-tendo, di, tum ( part. praetensus, Anthol. Lat. 3, 168, 5), 3, v. a., to stretch forth or forward, to extend (syn. obtendo).
I.
Lit.:
praetenta Tela,
stretched forth, presented, Ov. M. 8, 341: propagines e vitibus altius praetentos, shooting forth, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 10, 15, 13: ubi visum in culice natura praetendit? set out, stationed (i. e. extendit, et posuit in anteriore oris parte), Plin. 11, 1, 2, § 2.—
B.
Transf.
1.
To spread before or in front:
membrana, quae praecordia appellant, quia cordi praetenditur,
Plin. 11, 37, 77, § 197; 9, 6, 5, § 15.—
2.
To spread, draw, hold, or place a thing before another:
segeti praetendere saepem,
Verg. G. 1, 270:
vestem tumidis praetendit ocellis,
holds before, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 79:
ramum praetendit olivae,
holds out, Verg. A. 8, 116:
fumosque manu praetende sequaces,
id. G. 4, 230:
decreto sermonem,
to prefix, Liv. 3, 47:
quicquid castrorum Armeniis praetenditur,
Tac. H. 2, 6:
ut adnexa classis et pugnae parata conversā et minaci fronte praetenderetur,
id. ib. 2, 14.—
b.
Of places: praetendi, to stretch out before or in front of, to lie over against or opposite to ( poet. and post - Aug.;
once in Liv.): praetentaque Syrtibus arva,
Verg. A. 6, 60:
tenue litus praetentum,
Liv. 10, 2, 5:
Armeniae praetentus Iber,
Val. Fl. 5, 167:
gens nostris provinciis late praetenta,
Tac. A. 2, 56:
Baeticae latere septentrionali praetenditur Lusitania,
Plin. 3, 1, 2, § 6: a tergo praetendantur Aethiopes, id. 5, 9, 9, § 48; 6, 27, 31, § 134:
Dardanis laevo Triballi praetenduntur,
id. 4, 1, 1, § 3:
extremis legio praetenta Britannis, i. e. opposita custodiae causa,
Claud. B. Get. 416.—
II.
Trop.
A.
To hold out or bring forward as an excuse, to allege, pretend, simulate (syn.:
causor, praetexo): hominis doctissimi nomen tuis immanibus et barbaris moribus (soles) praetendere,
to allege in excuse for, Cic. Vatin. 6, 14:
praetendens culpae splendida verba tuae,
Ov. R. Am. 240:
legem postulationi suae praetendere,
Liv. 3, 45, 1:
quid honestum dictu saltem seditioni praetenditur muliebri?
id. 34, 3, 8:
meminisse, quem titulum praetenderitis adversus Philippum,
id. 37, 54, 13:
decem legatorum decretum calumniae inpudentissimae,
id. 39, 28, 11: vultum, et tristitiam, et dissentientem a ceteris habitum pessimis moribus praetendebant, Quint. prooem. § 15; Plin. Ep. 4, 16, 3:
ignorantia praetendi non potest,
Quint. 7, 1, 35:
haec a se factitari praetendebat,
Tac. A. 6, 18:
praetendere fessam aetatem et actos labores,
id. ib. 3, 59; Flor. 3, 5, 3:
plebeiam facie tenus praetendens humanitatem,
App. M. 10, 23, p. 250, 9.—
B.
To put forward, hold out, allege, assert a thing:
nec conjugis umquam Praetendi taedas,
I never pretended to be your husband, Verg. A. 4, 338:
debitum,
to demand a debt, sue for payment of a debt, Dig. 2, 14, 9.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > praetendo
18 HALDA

give

* * *

(held; hélt, héldum; haldinn), v.

I. with dat.

1) to hold fast (Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr);

to keep back, restrain (Hrafn fekk eigi haldit henni heima);

2) to withhold (héldu bœndrgjaldinu);

3) to keep, retain (þú skalt jafhan þessu sæti halda);

to preserve (halda virðingu sinni, lífi ok limum);

halda vöku sinni, to keep oneself awake;

4) to hold, keep one’s stock;

also ellipt. (vetr var illr ok héldu menn illa);

5) phrases, halda njósnum, to keep watch, to spy (= halda njósnum til um e-t);

halda (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold (the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes;

halda hendi yfir e-m, to protect one;

6) to hold, stand, steer, ellipt., þeir héldu aptr (held back again) um haustit;

þeir héldu út eptir fírði, they stood out the firth;

halda heim, to steer homewards;

7) to graze, put in the field (halda fé til haga);

8) impers. to continue, last (hélt því lengi um vetrinn);

II. with acc.

1) to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate (þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum);

2) to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday (í hvers minning heldr þú þenna. dag?);

3) to keep (halda orð sín, eið, sættir, frið);

to observe (halda guðs lög ok landsins);

4) to uphold, maintain, support (halda vini sína, halda e-n til ríkis);

5) halda sik, to comport oneself (kunna halda sik með hófi);

halda sik ríkmannliga, to fare sumptuously;

halda sik aptr af e-u, to abstain from;

6) to hold, consider, deem (hón hélt engan hans jafningja);

7) to hold, keep up;

halda varnir, to keep up a defence;

halda vörð, to keep watch;

8) to hold, compel, bind (heldr mik þá ekki til útanferðar);

þó heldr þik várkunn til at leita á, thou hast some excuse for trying;

III. with preps.:

halda á e-u, to hold, wield in the hand (halda á sverði);

to hold to a thing, go on with it, be busy about (halda á drykkju, á ferð sinni, á sýslu);

halda e-t af e-m, to hold (land, office) from or of one (þeir er höfðu haldið land af Danakonungi);

halda mikit af e-m, to make much of one;

halda eptir e-m, to pursue one;

halda e-u eptir, to keep back;

halda sik frá e-u, to keep oneself back from, refrain from;

halda e-u fram, to uphold, support;

halda e-u fyrir e-u, to withhold from one;

to protect against (héldu engar grindr fénu fyrir birninum);

halda e-n fyrir e-t, to hold, consider one to be so and so (síðan hélt konungr Erling fyrir tryggvan vin);

halda í e-t, to hold fast, grasp (þú skalt halda í hurðarhringinn);

halda til e-s, to be the cause of, be conducive to;

heldr þar margt til þess, there are many reasons for this;

hélt til þess (conduced to it) góðgirni hans;

halda til e-s, to be bent on, fond of (halda mjök til skarts, til gleði);

halda til jafns við e-n, to bear up against one, to be a match for one;

halda um e-t, to grasp with the hand (= halda hendi um e-t);

halda barni undir skírn, to hold at baptism;

halda e-u upp, to hold aloft, lift (halda upp höndum);

halda upp árum, to hold up the oars, cease pulling;

to uphold, maintain, support (halda upp hofum, kristninni);

to keep going (halda upp bardaga);

to discharge (halda upp kostnaði, bótum);

halda upp bœnum fyrir e-m, to pray for one;

halda e-u við, to maintain a thing;

halda við e-m, to stand against (hvar sem harm kom fram, hélt ekki við honum);

impers. to be on the point of;

hélt þá við atgöngu (acc.), they were near coming to fight;

heldr nú við hót, it is little short of threats;

IV. refl., haldast.

* * *

pret. hélt (= Goth. haihald), 2nd pérs. hélt, mod. hélzt, pl. héldum; pres. held, pl. höldum; pret. subj. héldi; part. haldinn; imperat. hald and haltú: [Ulf. haldan = βόσκειν, ποιμαίνειν, whereas he renders to keep, hold by other words; Hel. haldan = alere, fovere, colere, which thus seems to be the primitive sense of the word, and to be akin to Lat. cŏlo; again, A. S. healdan, Engl. hold, O. H. G. haltan, Germ. halten, Swed. hålla, halda, Dan. holde, are all of them used in a more general sense]:—to hold.

A. WITH DAT. to hold to:

I. to hold fast by; with the notion of restraint or force, tók Gizurr förunaut Ögmundar ok hélt honum, Sturl. i. 150; Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr, Nj. 92; ef maðr heldr manni …, varðar fjörbaugs-garð, Grág. ii. 110; h. e-m undir drep, 17; h. skipum ( to grapple the ships) með stafnljám, Fms. ii. 315: to keep back, Hrafn fékk eigi haldit henni heima þar, Ísl. ii. 249; ok halda þeim veðr í enni sömu höfn, Grág. i. 92; h. (sér) í e-t, to hold oneself fast by, grasp, þú skalt h. í hurðar-hringinn, Dropl. 29; heldr sér í faxit, Sd. 177.

β. so in the phrases, halda barni (manni) undir skírn, vatn, primsignan, biskups hönd, eccl. to hold a bairn ( man) at baptism, prima signatio, confirmation, Grág. i. 29; h. vatni (tárum), to hold one’s tears, 623. 56, Fms. viii. 232, vi. (in a verse); halda munni, to hold one’s tongue, be silent, vii. 227; halda tungu sinni, Þórð.

2. to withhold; þá megu þeir h. tíundum hans í móti, K. Þ. K. 62; h. vætti, Grág. i. 42; h. gögnum, 56; ef goði heldr tylftar-kvið, er hann heldr kviðnum, 58; halda matinum fyrir honum, 47; h. sköttum fyrir e-m, Nj. 8; h. skógar-manni fyrir e-m, Finnb. 334; um þat er hann hefir konunni haldit, Grág. i. 313; héldu bændr gjaldinu, Fms. vii. 302; hélt ek því (i. e. the money) fyrir honum, i. e. paid it not, Ísl. ii. 244.

II. to hold, of a rope or the like; sá maðr hugði h. mundu er festi, … ok h. mundu í slíku veðri, Grág. ii. 361; reip þau tíu er tveggja manna afli haldi hvert, id.; skal hann svá göra at haldi fyrir fyrnsku, 268.

β. to hold, hold out, last; optast halda þar íllviðri litla hríð, Sks. 212; sunnudags-helgi ríss upp á laugardegi, ok heldr ( lasts) til mánadags, N. G. L. i. 138.

III. to keep, retain, Germ. behalten; fá-ein skip héldu seglum sinum, Fms. x. 143; þú skalt jafnan þessu sæti h., Nj. 6; h. bústað sínum, Ld. 26; h. ríki sínu, Al. 58, Fms. i. 13; h. öllum Noregi, viii. 155; h. frelsi ok eignum, vi. 40; h. hlut sínum, to uphold one’s right, Eg. passim; halt sömum vinum sem ek hefi haft, Fas. i. 375; h. hreinleik sínum, Al. 58.

β. to hold, keep safe, preserve; h. hlut sínum, Ld. 54; h. heilsu, Grág. i. 145; h. virðingu sinni, Ld. 16; þá heldr hann kosti sínum, Grág. ii. 209; h. tíma ( honour) sínum, Al. 59; h. lífi ok limum, Eg. 89; h. lífinu, Nj. 111; h. trúnaði sínum, 109; vináttu sinni, Ld. 200; einorð sinni, Fb. ii. 265; h. sér réttum, to keep oneself right, Ld. 158; h. e-m heilum, Odd. 30; h. ríki fyrir e-m, Fms. v. 279; h. manna-forræði fyrir e-m, Hrafn. 19; h. réttu máli fyrir e-m, Fms. vii. 64.

2. to continue to keep, keep all along; h. teknum hætti, Fms. iv. 254; h. vöku, to keep oneself awake, Ld. 152; but h. vöku fyrir e-m, to keep another awake; halda sýslu sinni, Fs. 36; h. högum, to keep grazing, Eb. 104, Ld. 148.

3. to hold, keep one’s stock; ellipt., vetr var íllr ok héldu menn ílla, the winter was cold and it was ill to keep live stock, Sturl. ii. 143, (cp. fjár-höld); hann hélt vel svá at nær lifði hvat-vetna, Hrafn. 22: metaph., ílla hefir þinn faðir þá haldit, Fms. xi. 144; öld hefir ílla haldit, the people have had a sad loss, vi. (in a verse); h. fangi, and also ellipt. halda, of sheep and cattle, opp. to ‘to go back.’

4. phrases, halda njósnum, to keep watch, to spy, Fms. viii. 146, Nj. 113; hann hélt njósnum til Önundar, Landn. 287; hélt konungr njósnum til, ef …, Fms. vii. 128; hann skyldi h. njósnum til ok gera orð konungi, i. 54; h. njósnum til um e-t, iv. 119, Nj. 93; halda njósn (sing.) um skip þat, Eg. 74; þér haldit njósnum nær færi gefr á Arnkatli, Eb. 186; hann lét h. njósnum uppi á landi, Fms. vii. 316; hann hélt fréttum til, ef …, iv. 349.

β. halda (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold ( the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes, Nj. 132, Fms. v. 196; h. fyrir munn e-m, to hold ( the hand) over one’s mouth; h. hendi yfir e-m, to hold the hand over one, protect one, Nj. 266, Fbr. 22, Korm.; h. hendi um háls e-m, to clasp the hands around one’s neck, Fms. i. 9; h. skildi fyrir e-n, to hold the shield for one as a second in a duel, Ísl. ii. 257, passim; h. e-m til náms, to hold one to the book, make one study, K. Þ. K. 56; h. e-m til virðingar, Ld. 98.

IV. ellipt. (liði, skipi, för, stefnu, etc. understood), to hold, stand in a certain direction, esp. as a naut. term; þeir héldu aptr ( stood back again) um haustið, Eg. 69; treystisk hann eigi á haf at halda, Eb. 6; héldu þeir vestr um haf, id.; stigu þeir á skip sín, ok héldu út ( stood out) eptir firði, Fms. i. 63; þeir héldu þat sama sumar til Íslands, Ld. 6; hann hélt upp eptir hinni eystri kvísl, Fms. vii. 55; h. heim, to hold one’s course, stand homewards, Odd. 30; h. á braut, Grág. i. 92; Hrútr hélt suðr til Eyrar-sunds, Nj. 8; h. eptir e-m, to pursue one, 7; h. undan, to fly, Fms. x. 396, Nj. 98 (on land); kom móti þeim sunnan-veðr með myrkri, ok urðu þeir fyrir at h., to lay one’s course for the wind, A. A. 271; h. útleið, to stand on the outer tack, Eg. 78; h. til, to turn against, attack (on sea), Fms. xi. 72; hélt hann liði sínu suðr á Mæri, i. 62; þeir héldu liði sínu norðr til Þrándheims, id.; Haraldr konungr hélt norðan liði sínu, Eg. 32; héldu þeir skipi því suðr með landi, 69; skipi því lét hann halda vestr til Englands, id.; Unnr hélt skipinu í Orkneyjar, eptir þat hélt Unnr skipi sínu til Færeyja, Ld. 8.

β. to graze, put in the field, of sheep, cattle; þykkir mér þat miklu skipta at þeim sé vel til haga haldit, Eg. 714; hvert Steinarr hafði látið nautum sínum halda, 715; ok bað hann h. nautunum annan veg, 716.

γ. phrases, halda kyrru fyrir, to hold still, remain quiet, Ld. 216, Þórð. 30 new Ed., Nj. 223, 258; Hallr heldr nú til fangs ( went fishing) sem áðr, Ld. 38.

V. with prep.; halda á e-u, to hold, wield in the hand, freq. in mod. usage, h. á bók, penna, fjöðr, hníf, skærum, nál, etc.; hafði hverr þat er hélt á, Nj. 279; h. á sverði, Fb. i. 33; hann tók við öxinni ok hélt (viz. á), ok sá á, Eg. 180: to hold fast, heldr nú maðr á manni, Fas. i. 12; eigi máttu helvítis byrgi h. á honum, 656 C. 6; ef hann heldr á fénu ( withholds it), Grág. i. 427.

β. [Germ. anhalten], to hold to a thing, go on with, be busy about; h. á sýslu, to be busy, Rm. 14; h. á keri, qs. halda á drykkju, to go on drinking, carousing, Hm. 18: h. á hinni sömu bæn, Stj. 417; h. á fyrirsátrum við e-n, Þórð. 51 new Ed.; h. á búnaði sínum, Ld. 164; hélt hann þá á búnaði sínum sem skjótligast, Fms. ix. 215, x. 119, Sturl. ii. 245; þogar á bak Jólum hélt Ólafr konungr á búningi, Fms. v. 41; hann heldr nú á málinu, Nj. 259; nú heldr Þórðr á málinu ok verðr Oddný honum gipt, Bjarn. 11, Konr. (Fr.); h. á tilkalli, Fms. i. 84; h. á þessum sið, xi. 41; h. á för, to go on with one’s journey, Sighvat; gengu síðan brott ok héldu á ferð sinni, and went on their journey, Sturl.;—whence the mod. phrase, halda áfram, to go on, which seems not to occur in old writers.

2. halda e-u fram, to hold up, make much of; bróðir minn mun mér mjök hafa fram haldit fyrir ástar sakir, Nj. 3.

β. to hold on doing, (hence fram-hald, continuation); halda fram upp-teknu efni, Fms. i. 263; slíku hélt hann fram meðan hann lifði, iv. 254; hélt hann (fram) teknum hætti um veizlurnar, id., Grett. 14.

3. halda saman, to hold together, Eluc. 6, Fms. vii. 140, Rb. 340.

4. halda e-u upp, to hold aloft, Yngvarr hélt upp vísu þeirri, Eg. 152; steinninn heldr upp annarr öðrum, Rb. 390; h. upp árum, to hold up the oars, cease pulling, Fas. ii. 517, N. G. L. i. 65.

β. to uphold, maintain, support; halda upp hofi, Landn. 64, Eb. 24; h. upp hofum ok efla blót, Fms. i. 91; h. upp kirkju, K. Þ. K. 52; h. upp Kristninni, Fms. i. 32: to keep going, h. upp bardaga, orrostu, xi. 66, 188, 340.

γ. to discharge; h. upp féráns-dómi, Grág. i. 120; h. upp lögskilum, 145; h. upp svörum, Ó. H. 174; h. upp kostnaði, Eg. 77; h. upp gjaldi, Grág. i. 384; gjöldum, Fms. i. 81; h. upp bót, Grág. ii. 182; bótum, Eb. 100, 162, N. G. L. i. 311; ef hann heldr upp yfirbót ( penance) þeirri, Hom. 70; h. upp bænum fyrir e-m, to pray for one, Fms. xi. 271; hélt hann því vel upp sem vera átti, discharged it well, x. 93.

δ. halda sér vel upp, to hold oneself well up, Sturl.

ε. metaph., skal-at hann lögvillr verða, svá at honum haldi þat uppi (i. e. went unpunished), Grág. i. 316; ok heldr honum þat uppi ( that will save him), ef hann er rétt-hafi at orðinn, ii. 242.

5. halda e-u við, to maintain a thing, Hkr. i. 195.

VI. impers.,

1. to continue, last; hélt því nokkura stund dags, Fms. x. 125: hélt því lengi um vetrinn, Ld. 288; regni hélt haustnótt gegnum, Fms. vi. 83.

2. with prep. við, to be on the brink of; hélt þá við atgöngu, they were within a hair’s breadth of coming to fight, Hkr. i. 143; hélt þá við vandræði, Fms. ix. 434; heldr við bardaga, vi. 8; heldr nú við hót, it is little short of a threat, i. 305; hélt við blót, x. 106; ok hélt við flótta, i. 174; hélt við meiðingar, Nj. 21, Sd. 143; henni hélt við, at hón mundi drepa hana, Nj. 118; þeim hélt við váða sjálfan, Ó. H. 168; konungi hélt við, hvárt hann mundi standask eðr eigi, Mag. 100; honum hélt við kafnan, Bs. i. 18; hélt þó við at þeir mundi berjask, Fs. 53.

B. WITH ACC. to hold:

I. to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate, office, or the like; þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum, Fms. xi. 131; þeir er áðr höfðu haldit land af Dana-konungi, i. 232; Eirekr skyldi h. land af Aðalsteini konungi, 23; Vemundr hélt Firða-fylki, Eg. 12; hélt hann þat ríki undir Knút konungi, Ísl. ii. 242; í þeirri borg héldu þeir langfeðgar fimmtán konungdóma, Ver. 37; h. land sem leigu-land, Grág. ii. 278; konungrinn heldr af Guði nafnit, Sks. 599 B; prestar er kirkjur halda, H. E. i. 486; sá prestr er heldr Pétrs-kirkju, N. G. L. i. 312; presta þeirra er kirkju halda, 346; skal sá maðr ráða er kirkju heldr, K. Þ. K. 60; Ólafs kirkju þá er Væringjar halda (the parish church of W.), Hkr. iii. 408.

2. halda ábyrgju, ábyrgð á e-n, to have the responsibility of a thing, Grág. ii. 399, K. Þ. K. 66; h. grip, to be in the possession of, Grág. i. 438, ii. 190; h. skóla, to keep a school, Mar.; h. fylgð, to perform, Fms. ix. 279; eiga vandræði at h., to be in a strait, difficulty, Eb. 108.

II. to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday, or the like; halda kirkju-dag, K. Þ. K. 42; í hvers minning heldr þú þenna dag? Nj. 157; h. helgan þvátt-dag hvern, Pr. 437; h. helga daga, Sl.; h. Jóla-dag, Páska, Hvíta-sunnu, Rb. 134; minnstú að h. helgan hvíldar-daginn Drottins Guðs þíns (the Fourth Commandment in the Icel. version); h. heilagt, to keep holiday, Dipl. ii. 14; í dag þá hátíð höldum vér til himna sté vor Herra, Hólabók 54; er Júdar héldu hátíðligt, Stj. 110; (hence forn-haldinn, time-honoured): of the day-marks (vide dagr, p. 95), er þaðan haldinn miðr-morgin, Hrafn. 9.

2. to keep; halda orð sín, to keep one’s word, Fms. x. 95; höldum öll einka-mál vár, vii. 305; h. sættir, Nj. 57; gerðú svá vel, félagi, at þú halt vel sætt þessa, 111, Sturl. iii. 153, Fs. 65, Gullþ. 20; hann kvaðsk vilja hafa svardaga af þeim ok festu, at halda, Nj. 164; h. eið, Sturl. iii. 153; h. frið, to keep peace, Greg. 7; ef þú vilt nokkura hluti eigi h. þá er ek hefi á lagt við þik, Eg. 738: to observe faith, law, rite, etc., halda átrúnað, Fms. i. 34, x. 277; h. Guðs lög ok landsins, vii. 305; h. lands lög, viii. 155; h. ein lög, 625. 52; hafa ok halda þau lög, Fms. i. 34; h. Kristilega trú, K. Á. 74; h. mál (orð) e-s, Greg. 17; h. alla hluti með athugasamlegu minni, Sks. 439.

3. to keep, tend; halda geitr, Hkv. 2. 20 (exactly as in Gothic).

III. to uphold, maintain, support; þykkir mér þér sé nú ísjár-vert, hvárt þú munt fá haldit þik eðr eigi, Nj. 155; munu vér þó ekki einhlitir at h. oss eptir þessi verk, Háv. 50; at hón mætti með valdi h. sik ok menn sína, Fas. i. 375; þat væri nokkurr várkunn, at þú héldir frænda þinn eðr fóstbróður, en þetta er alls engi (at) halda útlaga konungs, Ó. H. 145; enda ætla ek lítinn viljann til at h. vini þína, Fms. vii. 244; því at Eysteinn konungr kenndi Inga konungi, at hann héldi þá menn, 248; ef þú heldr hann ( upholdest him) til þess at ganga á vini mína, Eg. 339; viljum vér allir fylgja þér ok þik til konungs halda, Fms. i. 34; Stephanus skyldi h. hann til laga ok réttinda, Sks. 653; h. e-n til ríkis, Fb. i. 236; vinsæld föður hans hélt hann mest til alþýðu vináttu, Fms. vii. 175; þeir sem upp h. ( sustain) þenna líkama, Anecd. 4.

β. phrases, halda e-m kost, borð, to keep at board, entertain, Fms. ix. 220, x. 105, 146, Nj. 6; or, halda e-n at klæðum ok drykk, Ó. H. 69; h. stríð, bellum gerere (not class.), Fms. x. 51; h. úfrið, Fas. ii. 539.

2. halda sik, to comfort oneself, Sks. 281, Hom. 29; kunna sik með hófi at h., Sturl. iii. 108; h. sik ríkmannliga, to fare sumptuously, Ld. 234; hann hélt betr húskarla sína en aðrir, Fms. vii. 242; h. mjök til skarts, to dress fine, Ld. 196; þar var Hrefna ok hélt allmjök til skarts, id.; hann var hægr hvers-dagliga, ok hélt mjök til gleði, Sturl. iii. 123; hélt hann hér mjök til vinsælda ok virðinga, he enjoyed much popularity and fame, Ld. 298.

β. ellipt. (sik understood), at h. til jafns við e-n, to bear up against one, to be a match for one, Ld. 40; ef þér hefir eigi til þess hug eðr afl at h. til jafns við e-n húskarl Þorsteins, Eg. 714; h. til fullnaðar, to stand on one’s full rights; ef þær taka eigi fullrétti, eðr h. eigi til fullnaðar, Grág. ii. 109; h. fullara, to hold one above other men, Ó. H. (in a verse); lét konungr þá h. mjök til ( make great preparations) at syngja messu hátíðliga, Hkr. i. 287.

3. to hold forth, put forward; at þeim inyiidi þungbýlt vera í nánd honum, ef þeir héldi nokkurn annan fyrir betra mann en hann, Ld. 26; síðan hélt konungr Erling fyrir tryggvan mann, Fms. ix. 399.

β. to hold, deem, be of opinion; the old writers seem not to use the word exactly in this sense, but near to it come such phrases as, hón hélt engan hans jafningja innan hirðar hvárki í orðum né öðrum hlutum, i. e. she held him to be above all men, Ld. 60; halda menn hann fyrir konung, Fb. i. 216; still closer, halda menn at Oddný sé nú betr gipt, Bjarn. 12 (but only preserved in a paper MS.): this sense is very freq. in mod. usage, to hold, mean, eg held það; eg held ekki, I think not; (hence hald, opinion.)

γ. phrases, halda mikit upp á e-n, to hold one in much esteem, love, Stj. 33; halda af e-m, id., Fas. i. 458, ii. 63, 200, iii. 520, esp. freq. in mod. usage, (upp-á-hald, af-hald, esteem.)

4. to hold on, keep up; halda varnir, to keep up a defence, Sks. 583; halda vörð, to keep watch, Eg. 120, Grág. i. 32, 264; halda njósn, Eg. 72, 74, Fms. xi. 46; halda tal af e-m, to speak, communicate with one, ii. 88.

5. to hold, be valid, be in force, a law term; á sú sekt öll at halda, Grág. i. 89; á þat at h. allt er þeir urðu á sáttir, 86; enda á þat at h. með þeim síðan, ii. 336.

IV. to hold, compel, bind (with the notion of obligation or duty); heldr mik þá ekki til utan-ferðar, Nj. 112; þó heldr þik várkunn til at leita á, i. e. thou art excused, thou hast some excuse in trying, 21; var auðsætt hvat til hélt um sættir, Bjarn. 70; þik heldr eigi hér svá mart, at þú megir eigi vel bægja héraðs-vist þinni, Eb. 252; þar mælir þú þar, er þik heldr várkunn til at mæla, Nj. 227; ek mun vera vinr hans, ok alla þá, er at mínum orðum láta, halda til vináttu við hann, i. e. I will be his friend, and all those who lend ear to my words I will hold to friendship with him, Eg. 18.

2. halda sik frá e-u, to keep oneself from, to refrain from a thing, Sks. 276 B; h. sik frá munaðlífi, Post. 656 A. ii. 16, Hom. 53, 135; h. sik aptr af e-u, to abstain from, Hkr. i. 512.

V. absol. to be the cause of, be conducive to a thing; heldr þar margt til þess, there are many reasons for this, Nj. 192; vildim vér vita hvat til heldr, Fms. vii. 106; en hann vissi eigi hvat til hafði haldit, er hann kom eigi, xi. 11; margir hlutir héldu til þess, Eg. 38; þat hélt til þess, at …, Al. 94; hélt til þess ( conduced to it) góðgirnd hans, stórmennska ok vitsmunir, Fs. 29; hefir þat mjök til haldit, er ek hefi svá lengi dvalizt, at ek ætlaða, Ld. 32; hann lét bæði til h. vingan ok mágsemd, Fs. 24; heldr þat mest til at þá var komit útfall sjávar, Ld. 56; hélt þat mest til þess, at hann gafsk bezt í öllum mannraunum, 60; þat eitt hélt til, at þeir fóru eigi málum á hendr Þórði, at þeir höfðu eigi styrk til, 138.

VI. to hold, comprise; sólar-öld heldr tuttugu ok átta ár, Rb. 510; h. skor (of weight), Grág. i. 500.

☞ In some instances the use of dat. and acc. wavers, e. g. halda húsum, to keep up the houses, Grág. ii. 278, 335; h. hliði, to keep the gate in repair, 265; but halda hlið (acc.), 332: to keep, observe, h. lögum, griðum, boðorðum, Glúm. 333, Grág. i. 357, ii. 166, 623. 28; hélt hann þessu sumu, Fms. x. 416 (Ágrip); halda ílla orðum, vii. (in a verse); þeir er því þingi áttu at h., Glúm. 386; h. sáttum, St. 17; h. eiðum, Bkv. 18; Gizuri þótti biskup h. ríkt ( protect strongly) brennu-mönnum, Sturl. i. 201 C; Guð er sínum skepnum heldr (keeps, protects) ok geymir, Mar.; þá hélt engi kirkju mönnum, … kept no man safe, Fms. ix. 508; h. njósn (acc.) um e-t, Eg. 74; h. til njósn, 72; njósnir, Fms. xi. 46. In most of these instances the acc. is the correct case, and the dat. is due either to careless transcribers or incorrect speaking: in some instances an enclitic um has been taken for a dative inflexion, thus e. g. sáttum haldi in Stor. l. c. is to be restored to sátt um haldi; eiðum haldit in Bkv. l. c. to eið (for eiða) um haldit; in others the prep. um has caused the confusion, as ‘halda njósn um at’ has been changed into halda njósnum at. But in the main the distinction between the use of dat. and acc. is fixed even at the present time: the acc. seems to represent the more primitive usage of this verb, the dat. the secondary.

C. REFLEX.:

I. to hold oneself, to stay; héldusk þeir þá ekki fyrir norðan Stað, Fms. i. 63; mátti hann eigi þar haldask, Landn. 246; h. á baki, to keep oneself on horseback, keep one’s seat, Grág. ii. 95; munu þeir skamma stund hér við haldask, Nj. 247: to be kept, remain, þá skal hann h. með Helju, Edda 39: to resist, megu vér ekki við h. fyrir ofreflis-mönnum þessum, Nj. 254; hélzk þá ekki við honum, Eg. 289; mann er svá hefir haldisk við höfuð-syndum, Hom. 157.

β. to hold out, last, continue; ok hélzk ferillinn, Eg. 579; hélzk undr þetta allt til dags, Nj. 272 (twice); hélzk konungdómr í kyni hans, Rb. 394; lengi síðan hélzk bruna-öld með Svíum, Yngl. S.; lengi hélzk þat í ætt þeirri, at …, Eg. 770; hélzk vinátta með þeim, Nj. 66; þat hefir enn haldizk í ætt hans, Fms. iv. 8; ok hefir þat haldizk ( it has continued to be so) síðan er ek hefi hann séð, Ld. 174; honum haldisk (imperat.) sigr ok langt líf, Ver. 57; betr þætti mér, at hún héldisk þér, that it (the luck) would hold out for thee, Fb. ii. 74; ef hann helzk í útrú sinni, if he perseveres in his untruth, 623. 26.

γ. to be kept safe and sound; menn allir héldusk ( all bands were saved) ok svá fé, Ld. 8, Fs. 143; þar héldusk menn allir ok mestr hluti fjár, Eg. 405; hafði fé vel haldizk, has been well kept, done well, Ld. 34.

δ. to be valid, stand; eigu þau handsöl hennar at haldask, Grág. i. 334; engi má haldask dómr hans, Edda 15; skyldu þau (the truce) haldask um þingit, Nj. 348.

2. impers., mér helzk, e-m helzk vel, ílla, á e-u, to have a good hold, have luck with a thing; mér helzk lítt á sauða-mönnum, Grett. 110 A.

3. recipr., haldask á, to hold or pull one against another, wrestle, (hence á-höld); var sagt Magnúsi, at þeir héldisk á úti, that they were fighting outside, Sturl. ii. 44.

II. part. pass. haldinn, [Dan. holden], so ‘holden,’ in such and such a state; vel haldinn, in good condition, faring well, well to do, Eg. 20, 234; hugðusk þar ok haldnir ( safe) mundu vera, Ver. 34; þungliga h., very sick, Eg. 565, Hkr. ii. 199; vel haldinn, doing well; tak heldr annat fé, svá mikit, at þú þykisk vel haldinn af, i. e. fully satisfied, having got full redress, Boll. 350; Sveinn sagði, at hann vill hafa tvá hluti fjárins, Hrani sagðisk ekki af því haldinn ( satisfied) vera, Fms. iv. 31: in the phrase, heilu ok höldnu, safe and sound, Bs. i. 191, Fms. xi. 376, Hkr. i. 319; með höldnu hljóði, preserving the sound, Skálda 175.

2. ok mun þykkja sér misboðit ef þú ert haldinn (kept, protected), Finnb. 344.

β. kept, observed, Fms. xi. 99.

γ. held in custody, in prison, Bs. i. 419, Sturl. i. 151.

III. gerund., haldandi, holding good, valid; sá dómr er eigi haldandi, is not valid, K. Á. 304; af öllu afli er friðr haldandi, Hom. 5.

2. part. act., með upp haldandi höndum, with uplifted hands, Bs. i. 684.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HALDA
19 vorschützen

v/t (trennb., hat -ge-) give ( oder use) as a pretext; Krankheit / Arbeit etc. vorschützen auch pretend to be ill / to have work to do etc.; vorschützen, man sei / habe etc. pretend to be / have etc., make out one is / has etc.; keine Müdigkeit vorschützen! umg. stop pretending to be tired!, Am. auch stop goldbricking!; fig. go on then!

* * *

to give as a pretext; to use as a pretext; to pretend

* * *
vor|schüt|zen
vt sep
to plead as an excuse, to put forward as a pretext; Krankheit auch to feign; Unwissenheit to plead
er schützte vor, dass... — he pretended that...

See:

→ Müdigkeit

* * *

vor|schüt·zen

vt

▪ etw \vorschützen to use sth as an excuse

Nichtwissen \vorschützen to plead ignorance

▪ \vorschützen, [dass...] to pretend [that...]; s.a. Müdigkeit

* * *

transitives Verb plead as an excuse

wichtige Geschäfte/Krankheit vorschützen — pretend one has important business/feign illness; s. auch Müdigkeit

* * *

vorschützen v/t (trennb, hat -ge-) give ( oder use) as a pretext;

Krankheit/Arbeit etc

vorschützen auch pretend to be ill/to have work to do etc;

vorschützen, man sei/habe etc pretend to be/have etc, make out one is/has etc;

keine Müdigkeit vorschützen! umg stop pretending to be tired!, US auch stop goldbricking!; fig go on then!

* * *

transitives Verb plead as an excuse

wichtige Geschäfte/Krankheit vorschützen — pretend one has important business/feign illness; s. auch Müdigkeit

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > vorschützen
20 offer

1. transitive verb
anbieten; vorbringen [Entschuldigung]; bieten [Chance]; aussprechen [Beileid]; sagen [Meinung]; unterbreiten, machen [Vorschläge]

have something to offer — etwas zu bieten haben

the job offers good prospects — der Arbeitsplatz hat Zukunft

offer resistance — Widerstand leisten

offer to do something — anbieten, etwas zu tun

offer to help — seine Hilfe anbieten
2. noun
1) Angebot, das

[have/be] on offer — im Angebot [haben/sein]

2) (marriage proposal) Antrag, der

* * *
['ofə] 1. past tense, past participle - offered; verb
1) (to put forward (a gift, suggestion etc) for acceptance or refusal: She offered the man a cup of tea; He offered her $20 for the picture.) (an)bieten

2) (to say that one is willing: He offered to help.) anbieten
2. noun
1) (an act of offering: an offer of help.) das Angebot

2) (an offering of money as the price of something: They made an offer of $50,000 for the house.) das Angebot

•

- academic.ru/51317/offering">offering
- on offer
* * *

of·fer

[ˈɒfəʳ, AM ˈɑ:fɚ]

I. n

1. (proposal) Angebot nt

\offer of help Angebot nt zu helfen

\offer of hospitality Einladung f

\offer of support Angebot nt finanzieller Hilfe

to take sb up on an \offer ( fam) von jds Angebot Gebrauch machen

2. ECON Angebot nt

the house is under \offer BRIT man hat ein Angebot für das Haus unterbreitet

to make [or put in] an \offer for sth ein Gebot [o Kaufangebot] für etw akk abgeben, ein Angebot für etw akk unterbreiten

to be on [special] \offer BRIT, AUS im Angebot sein, ein [Sonder]angebot sein

II. vt

1. (present for acceptance)

▪ to \offer [sb] sth [or to \offer sth [to sb]] [jdm] etw anbieten

to \offer sb a bribe jdm ein Bestechungsgeld anbieten

to \offer one's resignation seinen Rücktritt anbieten

2. (put forward)

▪ to \offer sth etw vorbringen

would you care to \offer your opinion? möchten Sie Ihre Meinung dazu äußern?

to \offer compensation eine Entschädigung bewilligen

to \offer one's condolences sein Beileid aussprechen

to \offer congratulations Glückwünsche aussprechen

to \offer an excuse eine Entschuldigung vorbringen

to \offer an explanation eine Erklärung abgeben

to \offer information Informationen geben

to \offer a money prize/a reward einen Geldpreis/eine Belohnung aussetzen

to \offer a suggestion einen Vorschlag unterbreiten

3. (provide)

▪ to \offer [sb] sth [or to \offer sth [to sb]] [jdm] etw bieten

to \offer a glimpse Einblick gewähren

to \offer an incentive einen Anreiz geben

to \offer proof einen Nachweis erbringen

to \offer resistance Widerstand leisten

to \offer shelter Schutz bieten

to have much to \offer viel zu bieten haben

4. (bid)

▪ to \offer sth etw bieten

5. ECON

▪ to \offer sb sth jdm für etw akk ein Angebot machen

\offered market Markt m mit Überangebot

\offered price Briefkurs m

III. vi sich akk bereit erklären

▪ to \offer to do sth sich akk bereit erklären, etw zu tun

* * *
['ɒfə]
n (Brit) abbr
Regulierungsbehörde für die Stromindustrie
* * *

offer [ˈɒfə(r); US auch ˈɑf-]

A v/t

1. jemandem etwas anbieten: → resistance 1

2. a) WIRTSCH eine Ware anbieten, offerieren:

offer for sale zum Verkauf anbieten;

offered price (Börse) Briefkurs m

b) WIRTSCH einen Preis, eine Summe bieten

c) einen Preis, eine Belohnung aussetzen

3. eine Meinung etc vorbringen, äußern, einen Vorschlag machen:

offer an opinion auch sich äußern;

he offered no apology er brachte keine Entschuldigung vor

4. (dar)bieten:

the search offered some difficulties die Suche bot einige Schwierigkeiten;

no opportunity offered itself es bot oder ergab sich keine Gelegenheit;

this window offers a fine view von diesem Fenster hat man eine schöne Aussicht;

London has many things to offer London hat viel zu bieten

5. sich bereit erklären, sich erbötig machen ( beide:

to do zu tun):

offer to help (sb) (jemandem) seine Hilfe anbieten

6. Anstalten machen, sich anschicken ( beide:

to do zu tun):

he did not offer to defend himself er machte keine Anstalten, sich zu wehren

7. oft offer up

a) ein Opfer, Gebet, Geschenk darbringen,

b) Tiere etc opfern (to dat)

B v/i

1. sich (dar)bieten:

no opportunity offered es bot oder ergab sich keine Gelegenheit

2. let him do it if he offers wenn er es oder wenn er sich anbietet

3. REL opfern

C s

1. allg Angebot n:

offer of assistance Unterstützungsangebot;

his offer of help sein Angebot zu helfen, seine angebotene Hilfe;

she’s had an offer (of marriage) sie hat einen (Heirats)Antrag bekommen;

make sb an offer of sth jemandem etwas anbieten ( → C 2)

2. WIRTSCH

a) (An)Gebot n, Offerte f ( beide:

of über akk, von):

make sb an offer jemandem ein Angebot machen ( → C 1);

an offer for sale ein Verkaufsangebot;

on offer zu verkaufen, verkäuflich; Br im Angebot;

be on offer auch angeboten werden;

£200 or near offer Verhandlungsbasis

b) Börse: Brief

3. Vorbringen n

4. Vorschlag m

off. abk

1. offer

2. offered

3. office

4. officer

5. official

* * *
1. transitive verb
anbieten; vorbringen [Entschuldigung]; bieten [Chance]; aussprechen [Beileid]; sagen [Meinung]; unterbreiten, machen [Vorschläge]

have something to offer — etwas zu bieten haben

the job offers good prospects — der Arbeitsplatz hat Zukunft

offer resistance — Widerstand leisten

offer to do something — anbieten, etwas zu tun

offer to help — seine Hilfe anbieten
2. noun
1) Angebot, das

[have/be] on offer — im Angebot [haben/sein]

2) (marriage proposal) Antrag, der

* * *

n.

Angebot -e n.

Offerte -n f. v.

anbieten v.

bieten v.

(§ p.,pp.: bot, geboten)

offerieren v.

zeigen v.

English-german dictionary > offer

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